汉英翻译2-句子的翻译

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汉译英方法二——句法翻译

一． 无主句的译法 无主句。

(一) 英语用被动语态

1. 表示事物存在或出现的无主句。 1) 这儿将修建更多的居民楼。

More apartments will be built here. 2) 去年发现了一种稀有元素。

A rare element was found last year. 2. 表示要求、规定的无主句。 3) 发现了错误，一定要改正。

Wrongs must be corrected when they are discovered. 4) 本剧场内禁止吸烟。

Smoking is prohibited in this theater.

(二) 用there be句型，或是it 做形式主语+be +to, it is + past participle +that….等结构 1. 你忘了一句古话了吗：学到老，活到老。更何况你并不老。（周而复《上海的早晨》） You’re forgetting the old saying: one is never too old to learn. In any case, you are not old at all. 2. 总之，有两点需要考虑。

In short, there are two aspects have to be considered. (三) 用倒装语序

1. 在游廊的最左端，靠近一道门，却坐着一位将近三十岁的男子。（矛盾《子夜》） Close by a door at the extreme left of the corridor sat a man of about thirty.

(四) 用祈使句。汉语中表示请求、命令、号召、标语、口号等无主句，可以用祈使句。 1. 中国共产党万岁！

Long live the Chinese Communist Party. 2. 此处禁止停车 No Parking

(五) 用适当的名词或代词补出主语

1. 没有受过恋爱洗礼的人生，不能算是真正的人生。

One who has never gone through the baptism of romantic love will have little knowledge of life. 2. 凭窗站了一会儿，微微地觉得凉气袭人。 Standing by the window, I felt a bit chilly.

Practices:

1. 已经采取了措施来防止这种病的迅速蔓延。

Measures have been taken to prevent the epidemic from the spreading quickly. 2. 墙上挂了一些画。

Some pictures are hung on the wall. On the wall hung on a picture. 3. 杂志的封面上印着一位伟人的像。

The figure of a great man was printed on the cover of the magazine. 4. 必须保证八小时的睡眠。

Eight hours’ sleep must be guaranteed. 5. 估计这需要十万美元。

It is estimated that it will cost $100,000. 6. 据悉他今天来不了。

It is said that he can't be here today. 7. 强将手下无弱兵。

There are no poor soldiers under a good general. 8. 在当今社会上，学好英语十分重要。


It is extremely important to master English in society today. 9. 公共汽车上抓住了三个小偷。

Three thieves were caught on the bus.

10. 上海采取了一系列的优惠政策来吸引外资。

A series of preferential policies have been adopted in Shanghai to attract foreign capital. 11. 桌子上放着一本最近一期的《中国翻译》。

On the table lay a latest Chinese Translators Journal. 12. 山里住着个虔诚的老和尚。

In the mountain lived an old devout monk. 13. 剩下的时间不多了。 There is little time left.

14. 注意身体。 Pay attention to your health. 15. 禁止拍照。 No photo.

16. 要献身于教育事业。Be devoted to the education. 17. 有人敲门。

18. 请勿践踏草坪。 Pls keep off the lawn.

19. 这几天心里颇不宁静，今晚在院子里坐着乘凉，忽然想起日日走过的荷塘．．．

I have felt quite upset recently. Tonight, when I was sitting in the yard enjoying the cool, it occurred to me that the Lotus Pond.

20. 子曰：“学而时习之，不亦悦乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？”(Confucius)

Confucius said: “Is it not a pleasure after all to practice in due time what one has learnt? Is it a delight after all to have friends come from afar?”

21. 把中国建设成为社会主义现代化强国 We will turn China into a modern strong socialist country. 22. 这个地区遭受了严重的自然灾害 The people in the region suffered a natural disaster.

二 “把”字句的译法

（一）含有“处置”意思的“把”字句。表示人对物怎么处置时，英语用：动词+宾语+补语/状语 1. 他们还没有把计划做好。

They haven’t got the plan ready.

2.不大一会，他们把桌子板凳都摆好了。

Soon they had all the tables and benches in place. 3. 要把这封信放在你能找到的地方。

You have to put the letter where you can find.

（二）含有“致使”意思的“把”,气、累、急、吓、忙等。 1. 这一趟把他累坏了。 The trip tired him out.

2.你怎么来得这么晚，真把人急死啦！

Why are you so late? We are worried to death about you. （三）“把甲当乙”：看成、说成、动词+宾语+as(for) 1. 他把我错当成我的兄弟了。 He mistook me for my brother. 3. 在这儿就别把自己当外人。 Don’t treat me as a stranger here.

（四）带有双宾语的“把”：英译时把两个宾语都置于动词后 1. 我把信交给了她。 I gave her the letter.

（五）有时不考虑原文中“把”字结构和意义。 1. 突然一声巨响把他吓了一跳。

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