连词&关联词

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连词&关联词

连词 在句子中不做成分，仅表示前后关系。

1.用于连接彼此互补依存的对等的成分。

1)连接语词：slow but safe/ either this，week or next week 2)连接分句：I went and she also. 2.可分别表示下列关系。

1）转折：but, yet, however, nevertheless 2) 因果：so, for, therefore

3) 选择：or, either„or, neither„nor

4）并列和递进：and,both„and, as well as，not only„but (also)

关联词 用于引导从句。

1.名词从句: He doesn’t know what she is.

2.副词从句：If he comes, I’ll give it to you.

3.形容词从句：He’s the best student I’ve ever taught.

关联词的类别及所表示的关系 要特别注意关联词在从句中（及某些连接词在短语中）所担当的成分，这是正确使用关连词的关键。 1. 连词：引导名词从句，在从句中不做成分。 1) that（无含义）：

I said that he was wrong.

2) whether(if)（表示不确定性或选择关系）： I don’t know whether it is correct. 2. 连接代词：

1)引导名词从句，在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语。 A. who/which 作主语（口语who中可做宾语, 但其前面不可有与其配合使用的介词）: I asked him who came into the room./ I asked him who(m) he saw whom/which 做宾语:Ask him which he wants. B. whose 做宾语(=whose thing(s)) /定语： I wonder whose house that is. C. what 做上面提及的各种成分:

I don’t know what I should do. 2）与不定式连用,在其中多做主语和宾语。 We can’t decide whom to invite. We must decide what to do.

I couldn’t decide which to choose.

3. 连接副词：引导名词从句或与不定式连用，在从句中做状语。

1) how: That’s how I look at it. 2) where: I don’t know where he lives. 3) when: Tell me when to use the tool.

4) why: I’ll tell you why you have to do it.






4. 关系代词：

1) who 表示人，在从句中做主语和表语（口语who中可做宾语,但其前面不可有与其配合使用的介词）:

The man who spoke is my teacher. I don’t know who he is。

The man who I saw told me that.

2) whom 表示人，在从句中做宾语和表语：The man whom I saw told me that. 3) whose 表示“某人/物的”，of which表示“某物的”， 在从句中做定语： That’s the man whose son is my pupil.

The room whose window faces south is her bedroom.

The room of which the window faces south is her bedroom. 4) which 表示物，在从句中做主语和表语:

I like the picture which was taken in front of the main building.

5) that 表示人/物，在从句中做主语和宾语;注意下列关于that作为关系代词的用法。 A.现行词前有最高级形容词修饰时：

This is the best film that I’ve ever seen. B.先行词是下列词语或为其所修饰修饰时：

the first, the last, the only, the same, the very, all, any, no, every. This is the last chance that you have. You are the only friend that I have. He told me all that he knew.

C. 先行词是下列不定代词或为其所修饰修饰时：

much, little, none, everything/body, nothing, nobody. There’s nothing in the world that can frighten him.

D. 以Who/Which开始的句子，其后的定语从句中的关系代词不使用who/which,而代 之以that。

Who that knows him would trust him?

Which of these buses is the one that goes to London? E.人和事物/动物同为先行词时：

The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned. 6) 关系代词做介词宾语。

A.一般介词可放在whom/which的前面或其所在的从句的句尾，关系代词为that时， 只可放在其所在的从句的句尾。

Is this the car for which you paid a high price? Is this the car which you paid a high price for? Is this the car that you paid a high price for? Is this the car you paid a high price for?

B.介词during, except以及表示（从整体中）“分割”（出部分）的介词of等介 词要放在关系代词的前面：

The years during which he was away were long years to her. He wrote many books, some of which.

C.其介词与动词不可分割的短语动词中的介词必须放在其动词之后，不可放在关系代 词之前：

This is the book which he has been looking for.






7)关系代词的省略。

A.关系代词作宾语时： The girl I work with is coming. B.that在定语从句中做表语时：

He is not the man that he was when I saw him first. He is not the man he was when I saw him first. 5. 关系副词 在定语从句中均做状语。

1）where 地点： That’s one point where I’d like your advice. 2) when 时间： At the time when I saw him, he was ill. 3) why 原因： That is the reason why I came so early. 4) that 方式/时间/原因 ：

I like the way that /in which he did it. That was the first time (that) I saw him.

The reason why/that he was dismissed is not easy to explain. 5)in which/at which = where： This is the school in which/at which/where he works. 6)for which = why ： I don’t the reason for which he left.

7)on which = when：The day on which she was born was 22 September, 1988

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