动词的三单及不规则变化

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附表1：动词第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式及过去分词变化规则：

一般情况

以-s,-sh,-ch,-o, -x结尾 以辅音字母加y结尾

动词第三人称单数 -s -es

变y为i再加-es

-ing

双写后再加ing



去e再加ing

只加d -ed

变y为i再加-ed 双写后再加ed

现在分词

过去式及过去分词

以重读闭音节结尾，末 尾只有一个辅音字母 以字母e结尾



附表2：动词第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式及过去分词变化规则： 巧记ABB型: 原形特征 - eep -ell -end -ay -n -ing,… -each 巧记ABC型: 原形特征 -eak -eal -ear -ow -i- -i-

过去式 -oke -ole -ore -ew -a- -o-

过去分词 -oken -olen -orn -own -u- -n

例 词 break, speak steal

wear, bear, tear grow, blow, know, throw sink, swim, drink, ring, sing, begin drive, rise, ride, write

过去式 -ept -old -ent -aid -nt -ought -aught

过去分词 -ept -old -ent -aid -nt -ought --aught

例 词 keep, sweep, sleep sell, tell

lend, spend, send say, pay

burn, learn, mean bring, buy, fight, think catch, teach

巧记AAA型:击中、 受伤、 让、 吐痰、去掉、 花费、 读、 放、 砍 hit, hurt, let, spit, rid, cost, read, put, cut




附表3：常见短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换 短暂性动相应的持续词 borrow buy open get married fall asleep

go to bed be in bed come here go there start/ begin join

be in

have been in

leave sp

be away from sp

have been away from sp

be there be on

have been there have been on

finish/ end

be over

have been over

go out

be out

have been out

be here be asleep 性 动词 keep have be open be married

have kept have had have been married have been asleep have been in bed

go/come to sp

be

have been

be in sp.

have been in sp.

return

be back

have been back

die fall ill

完成时态中的形式

短暂性动词 相应的持续

性 动词

catch a cold have a cold

be dead be closed be ill

have had a cold have been dead have been closed have been ill 完成时态中的形式

have been open close

have been here become

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