外国文学名词解释

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名词解释,外国文学
Chivalric Romance (or medieval romance) is a type of narrative that developed in twelfth-century France, spread to the literatures of other countries and displaced the earlier epic and heroic forms.

骑士传奇（或中世纪传奇）是一种叙事，在第十二世纪的法国，传播到其他国家的文献和流离失所的早期史诗和英雄的形式。

The romance is distinguished from the epic in that it does not represent a heroic age of tribal wars, but a courtly and chivalric age, often one of highly developed manners and civility. 浪漫是区别于史诗，它并不代表一个部落战争英雄的时代，而是一个宫廷和骑士时代，通常是一个高度发达的礼仪和礼貌。

Its standard plot is that of a quest undertaken by a single knight in order to gain a lady’s favor; frequently its central interest is courtly love, together with tournaments fought and dragons and monsters slain for the damsel’s sake; it stresses the chivalric ideals of courage, loyalty, honor, mercifulness to an opponent, and elaborate manners; and it delights in wonders and marvels.

标准情节，任务承担由一个单一的骑士，获得一位女士的青睐，频繁的核心利益是宫廷爱情，赛事与战斗，龙与怪物被杀害的少女的缘故；它强调侠义理想的勇气、忠诚、荣誉、仁慈到对手，精致的礼仪，它喜爱奇迹，奇迹。

Supernatural events in the epic usually were attributed to the will and actions of the gods; romance shifts the supernatural to this world, and makes much of the mysterious effect of magic, spells, and enchantments. 在史诗的灵异事件通常被归因于神的意志和行为的变化；浪漫的超自然的这个世界，并使许多魔法，魔法的神秘和魔法效果。 Utopianism

The term utopia designates the class of fictional writings that represent an ideal but nonexistent political and social way of life. It derives from Utopia，a book written in Latin by the Renaissance humanist Sir Thomas More which describes a perfect commonwealth.

该项指定代表乌托邦小说的理想而存在的政治和社会生活方式类。它来自于乌托邦，一本由文艺复兴时期的人文主义者托马斯写的书，它描述了一个完美的联邦。 The first and greatest instance of the literary type was Plato’s Republic, which sets forth, in dialogue, the eternal Idea, or Form, of a perfect commonwealth that can at best be merely approximated by political organizations in the actual world.

文学的第一个和最大的实例是柏拉图的共和国，其中规定，在对话，永恒的理念，或形式，一个完美的联邦，充其量也只是近似的政治组织在现实世界。

Most of the later utopias, like that of Sir Thomas More, represent their ideal state in the fiction of a distant country reached by a venturesome traveler. There have been many utopias written since More gave impetus to the genre, some as mere Arcadian dreams, other intended as blueprints for social and technological improvement in the actual world. 大多数后的乌托邦，像是托马斯爵士，在一个遥远的国度的冒险旅行到小说的代表他们的理想状态。已经有许多乌托邦被写因为MORE给了流派的动力,有的只是

田园梦想，其他用于现实世界的社会和技术进步的蓝图。举例：Francis Bacon’s New Atlantis

托马斯·莫尔（ St. Thomas More 又作 Sir Thomas More ， 1478年2月7日 — 1535年7月6日），欧洲早期空想社会主义学说的创始人，才华横溢的人文主义学者和阅历丰富的政治家，以其名著《乌托邦》而名垂史册。

Neo-classicism

In literature, the habit of imitating the great authors of antiquity as matter of aesthetic principle; and the acceptance of the critical precepts which emerged to guide that imitation.

在文学中，模仿古代的伟大作家的习惯，作为审美原则的问题，并接受的关键的戒律，出现了引导模仿。

Medieval writers had often used classical works for models, but Petrarch in the 14th century.

中世纪的作家经常用于模型的经典作品，但他在第十四世纪。

At the beginning of the 16th century the recovery of the previously neglected Poetics of Aristotle.

第十六世纪初恢复亚里士多德以前被忽视的诗学。

The most famous of their inventions was the observance of the dramatic unities of time , place, and actions; in the 17th century, French put forward the three dramatic.

最著名的发明是时间，戏剧性的统一遵守的地方，和行动；在第十七世纪，法国提出的三大。