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动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
I.规则变化:
1. 一般情况直接加 ed,女口 ask— asked, work—worked
2. 以不发音的 e结尾,只加 d,女口 love — loved, dance—danced
3. 以辅音字母加 y结尾,把y变为i,再加ed,如try — tried, study — studied 4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词
尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母
(以重读闭音节或r音节结
,再加ed,如stop— stopped, permit —
),先双写末尾这个辅音字母
permitted
注:A.以I结尾的动词,尾音节重读时 双写I,如control — con trolled;尾音节不重读时,
双不双写都可以,如 travel —traveled( 美) /travelled( 英) 。
B. 特例 :picnic —picnicked —picnicked( 去野餐 ),traffic — trafficked — trafficked
(交易,在…通行) 另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的
后)
,需要熟记.(见
C. 读音与说明 :
① .-ed 在清辅音音素后发音为 [t]: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped ② .-ed 在浊辅音和元音后发音为
[d]: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed, stayed
③ .-ed 在[t]、[d]后发音为[id]: wan ted, n eeded, admitted, permitted
II. 不规则动词表
(AAA 型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形) 1cost (花费) cost cost shut
shut spit/spat
put
shut spit/ spat
(英) hurt
put
cut (割)
hit (打) let (让) read (读)
cut hit let read
cut hit let read
spit
hurt 伤害) hurt put (放)
(AAB 型(动词原形与过去式同形) 2beat (跳动) beat beaten (3
ABA 型(动词原形与过去分词同形) become (变成) became become come (来)
came
come
awake run (跑)
awoke awoken ran
run built caught dealt fed found
(ABB 型(过去式与过去分词同形) 4dig (挖) dug dug
get (得到) hang (吊
死) (悬hang 挂)
build built catch caught deal feed find
dealt fed found
got hung held shone
got/gotten hung held shone
hanged hanged
hold (抓住)
shine (照耀)
forbid forbade/forbad forbidden pay
send shoot tell
paid sent shot told
paid sent shot told
sit (坐) win (赢) meet (遇见) keep (保持)
sat sat won won met met kept kept
leave (离开)left left build (建设) built built
sleep (睡) sweep (扫) smell (闻)
slept slept swept swept
win won won feel (感觉) felt felt
smelt/smelled smelt/ smelled
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