英语考试写作题型解析

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英语考试写作题型解析

作者：郑学文

来源：《中学生英语·阅读与写作》2013年第01期

英语书面表达是一项能够充分考查学生语言综合运用能力的题型。从单词拼写到语法结构，从遣词造句到谋篇布局，从修辞风格到语言的震撼力，无不淋漓尽致地体现出学生驾驭英语语言的应用能力和运用英语知识水平的高低。它是中考的重要组成部分，全国各地对英语考试书面表达的要求在逐年提高，所占的分值也逐年增加。做好英语书面表达题是学生在英语考试中能够获取高分的重要保障，因此，学生除了练习好扎实的专业功底以外，还必须掌握英语书面表达的命题特点、解题技巧等方面的知识才能立于不败之地。

书面表达在英语考试中的命题方式主要有两种：提示作文和看图（表）作文。

提示作文是近几年英语考试最常见的一种命题方式。特点：给出一个主题或话题，提供几个要点，根据要求写一篇英语短文。2012年武汉、广东、河南、黄冈等地中考英语试题均采用了这种命题方式。

（广东省2012年中考英语试题）

你是学校英文报的小记者李华。请给你校初三学生写一封公开榜，就如何保持考前健康提出建议。 要点如下：

1. 早睡早起，保持充足睡眠； 2. 饮食均衡，少吃垃圾食品； 3. 多做体育运动； 4. 你的其它建议。 注意：

1. 词数80左右(信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数)； 2. 不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分。 Dear students,

As we all know, good health is important for success in the exams, so I’m writing to


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Best wishes and stay healthy. Yours, Li Hua

One PossibleVersion: Dear students,

As we all know, good health is important for success in the exams, so I’m writing to tell you that during this period of time you need to get up early and go to bed early to ensure enough sleep. As a saying goes “you are what you eat”, I suggest you have a balanced diet and avoid eating junk food these days. Although your study will be very tense, I still suggest you make the time to play some sports to help yourself relax. Also, you can do other things to reduce stress, like listening to the music and reading some interesting books. Best wishes and stay healthy. Yours, Li Hua

(1) 认真审题，看清题目中的要求。

(2) 根据提示内容，列出要点及每个要点应列的词语。 (3) 紧扣提纲，动笔写作。

(4) 检查句子的语法结构，注意英汉表达的差异，检查字母大小写是否规范，字数是否合乎要求。

请以“I want to be a/an ...”为题写一篇短文，词数60~80词。内容必须包括提示中的三项要求，请不要使用真实姓名及所在学校名称。 提示：

① What do you want to be? ② Why do you want to be a/an ...? ③ How can you make it come true?


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第一步 认真审题。本题要求是以“I want to be a/an ...”为题写一篇短文，首先要确定你的理想是干什么，你可以是a teacher, a scientist, an artist, an inventor……下面以“I Want to Be an Inventor”为题来思考以下的步骤。

第二步 根据提供的①、②、③内容要点，构思文章并列出提纲：an inventor；inventions can change the world and make our life better; study hard and learn more knowledge; work hard to make the wish come true ...。 第三步 紧扣提纲，落笔成文： One PossibleVersion: I Want to Be an Inventor

Many people want to make their new ideas and wishes come true. They want to invent some new things for the world. I am one of them. I just want to be an inventor. Inventions can change the world. They can bring fun and happiness to our lives. And our lives will become better and better. Now I’m still a middle school student. I must try my best to work hard at my lessons and learn what my teachers teach me. I will use my inventions to make contributions to our country. 第四步 检查短文是否有错误，语句是否通顺，是否符合题目要求。

看图(表)作文是中考英语书面表达另一种比较普遍的命题形式。特点是：试题提供几幅图画或一个表格，要求考生根据图画或表格里面的内容，按照要求写出短文。2012年陕西、南京，湖北荆州等地中考英语试题均采用了这种命题方式。 （南京市2012年中考英语试题）

上周日在秦淮河边发生了张明救落水小男孩的事情，请根据以下四幅图所描述的事情经过，为校刊的英语园地写一篇题为“A Brave Young Man”的英文稿件。 注意：

1. 文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称； 2. 语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范； 3. 词数80左右，文章的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。 A Brave Young Man It was a nice day last Sunday.


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One PossibleVersion: A Brave Young Man

It was a nice day last Sunday. Zhang Ming was fishing by the Qinhuai River when a little boy went to play nearby. Suddenly, Zhang Ming heard someone shouting for help. He looked around and found that the little boy was falling into the water. It was very dangerous. Zhang Ming jumped into the river immediately. He tried his best to pull the boy out of the river. At that time other people came to offer help. Finally, the boy was saved and he was very grateful. People all said Zhang Ming was very brave and helpful. We should learn from him.

(1) 仔细审题，弄清题目要求，明确作文的中心思想，判断文章的类型。

(2) 仔细观察画面或阅读表格内容，确定要素。比如，故事发生在何时、何地，画中的人物为何人，他们做了什么事，结果如何等。 (3) 根据提示句或短文第一句来确定时态。

(4) 写作前，先列一个提纲，逐图/条描述，图文意思要一致，语言文字要连贯，语法要正确无误。

(5) 把已写好的文章通读一遍，并结合图画进行必要的检查、修改，力求全文内容表达准确、完整，并最大限度减少错误。

1. 根据图画内容和所给词语完成一篇短文。 要求：

(1) 词数80左右；

(2) 把图中所示内容表达完整，用下面所给词语，条理清晰，意思连贯，语句通顺，标点正确；

(3) 短文第一句已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：

walk, rice field, see, frog (青蛙), catch, old man, say, friend, pest (害虫), turn red, put, smile, good boy

Xiao Ming was on his way home one afternoon.


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第一步 认真审题。本题要求按图写文；图中所描写的内容为 “Xiao Ming caught a frog and let it go after hearing the old man’s advice”的故事，文体为记叙文。

第二步 根据图画内容和提供的词语，确定文章要点并列出提纲：one afternoon; Xiao Ming; walking past a rice field; saw a frog; caught it; an old man; frogs are our friends; let the frog go; a good boy ．．．。

第三步 抓住要点，紧扣提纲，落笔成文： One PossibleVersion:

Xiao Ming was on his way home one afternoon. When he was walking past a rice field, he saw a frog. He wanted to play with it. So he went over quietly and caught it. Just at the time, an old man came up and said to him, “Frogs are our friends. They are good at catching pests. It’s not right to catch them.” When he heard it, his face turned red. He put the frog back into the field. The old man said with a smile, “You’re a good boy.”

第四步 检查短文是否有错误，语句是否通顺，是否符合题目要求。 ——To be continued(待续)

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