【#文档大全网# 导语】以下是®文档大全网的小编为您整理的《西农作物育种复试题13年》，欢迎阅读！
西农2013年作物遗传育种和种子工程复试-笔试题
（请将答案写在答题纸上，写在试题纸无效）
一、解释下列名词。（每个名次2分，共20分）
1 无融合生殖 2 近等基因系 3 外显子 4 二环系 5 垂直抗性
6 附加系 7 配合力 8 近交系数 9 染色体桥 10 轮回选择 二、简述CTAB法提取植物DNA的基本步骤及其注意事项。（10分）
三、已知玉米胚乳有色至少受3对基因控制，一是基本色泽基因c+/c，一是紫色基因p+/p，p+表现紫色，p表现红色，p+对p显性，另一个是I基因，c+/c对p+/p具有隐性上位作用，I对c+具有抑制作用，一株紫色玉米（p+p+c+c+II）与一株无色玉米（ppccII）杂交，问F2代表现性种类和比例如何？（15分）
四、有一小麦品种A，期综合农艺性状非常优良，但不抗当前流行的条锈病新小种条中33，请设计一个育种方案育出既保留了A品种优良综合农艺性状又抗条中33号小种的新品种。（10分）
五、试述现代分子育种技术和传统杂交育种技术的优缺点。如何将二者有机结合提高育种效率？（15分）
六、试以玉米、小麦和甘薯为例，说明自花授粉作物、异花授粉作物和无性繁殖作物的育种方法和特点。（15分） 七、将下列英语短文翻译成汉语。（15分）
Kernel length and width determine wheat seed size and appearance, and affect yield and milling quality, and are therefore important agronomic traits in wheat breeding. The market value of wheat grain is determined by kernel morphology, texture, test weight and others. In bread wheat, which is used to manufacture different products requiring specific grain characteristics, kernel shape and uniformity influence its milling quality. Similarly, kernel weight, a function of kernel size and density, has a favourable effect on the agronomic and flour yield of wheat. Understanding the genetic basis of seed shape and size could improve knowledge about the domestication of cereals, humans tended to select large seeds during the early domestication, as evidenced by the fact that most cultivated species have larger seeds than their wild relatives. However, small seed is usually favored by natural selection because it is frequently associated with more seeds per plant, early maturity, and wider geographic distribution. Therefore, from the standpoints of both biological development and breeding, it is necessary to understand the genetic basis of wheat kernel shape. In addition, larger kernels could have a good effect on seedling vigor and consequently promote yield increase. From the crop improvement perspective, Kernel size and shape are important for their relationship with yield potential .Kernel size is an important component of grain yield and also has high phenotypic stability/heritability, and the improvement of the trait as a component of grain yield has been recommended. However, phenotypic selection for grain weight is laborious and time consuming, and there is usually a compensation effect between seed size and seed number. Experimental attempts to obtain yield progress by simply selecting larger kernels in wheat have been unsuccessful.
本文来源：https://www.wddqxz.cn/65b4b5484bfe04a1b0717fd5360cba1aa9118ccc.html
2023-04-11
