中北大学研究生英语期末考试1

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翻译(1)科学

科学是一门知识，是解决工业、农业、战争和医疗方面技术问题的非常有用的工具。要了解科学在解决个人和国家面临的物质和精神方面可以达到什么广度和深度，就必须了解科学的真正含义是什么。

Science is a kind of knowledge which is a very useful tool in solving the technical problems of industry, agriculture, warfare and medicine. To understand the width and depth to which science can be applied to the material and spiritual problems that confront individuals and nations requires and understanding of what science really is.

科学一词来自拉丁语Scire,它的意思是“知道”。所以，从广义上讲，科学不过是指我们所知道的事情，是人类知识的总和。但是，把科学定义为人类的全部知识是不切实际的，因为很明显，有各种不同门类的知识。这些知识根据其获得的方法以及它所适合的经验范围而有所不同。我们要了解的艺术、文学、法律、宗教和专门技术知识等都不同程度的分

属于各种独立的知识财富，与我们通常所说的科学没有什么联系。

The word science comes to us from a latin word, scire, which means “to know”. Then, in a broad sense, science is simply what we know; the total of all human knowledge. But the definition of science as all human knowledge would not be a workable one, for it is obvious that there are different types of knowledge. The kinds differ according to how the knowledge was obtained, and also according to what frame of experience it fits. What we know of the arts, literature, law, religion, and technical know are more or less separate funds of information. They have little to do with what we commonly call science.

科学也称为自然科学，以区别于其他知识门类。科学和自然界有关，也就是说和自然界中一切存在的事物和发生的现象的特点和过程有关。科学包括整个自然界，它精辟的阐述了人类关于各种自然现象是如何彼此联系并如何构成我们所说的宇宙的种种概念

Science is also called natural science to distinguish it form other branches of learning. Science is concerned with nature, that is, with knowledge of the characteristics and operations of any all natural things and happenings. Science embraces all of nature, and expresses precisely about how natural phenomena are related to each other and are to be formed into what is called the universe.

科学有许多特性，要了解科学是什么，就得仔细的考察一下这些性能和特点。有一些作者断言说科学实际上只是一种方法――科学的方法。这样的定义是过于简单化了。但是科学方法在决定科学知识的性质方面肯定起着重要的作用。

Science has many characteristics, and to understand what science is requires a detailed examination of these properties and peculiarities. A number of writers have asserted that science is only a method in fact – the scientific method. Such a definition is an over simplification, but it is certain that the scientific method plays an important role in determining the nature of scientific knowledge.

翻译（2）广告

许多人声称自己从来不看广告，但此类说法让

人难以置信。在当今世界里，不看广告几乎做不到的。想想看，广告给我们带来多少乐趣！想象一下，假如汽车站或是火车站里没有广告会是怎样一种情形？等车时无奈地盯着空白的墙面能让你感到快乐么？一条明快的、妙语连珠的广告会使单调的墙壁和报纸发生什么样的变化？我们也不能忘记，广告对我们的腰包也有积极的贡献。报社、广播和电视台如果没有广告收入怎能生存？事实上，我们花这么少的钱就能看报纸，或是欣赏五花八门的广播和电视节目，完全是因为广告商出资的缘故。设想一下，如果全部费用由读者承担，那报纸该卖是卖价？还有一样我们不能忘记，那就是几乎一切都可以通过这些栏目完成，如：找工作、买房卖房、告知出生、结婚、逝世等，这是广告中的广告。

Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements,But this claim is hardly believable. in current world It is almost impossible to read advertisements these days. Just think what fun they often provide! Image what a bus and railway station would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing help lessly at a blank wall while waiting for a bus or train? Would you like to read a daily paper closely-printed with columns of news? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or newspaper. We also can not forget that advertisement makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, radio or television stations could not subsist without this advertised source of revenue. In fact ,we pay so little for our daily paper or can enjoy so many programs on air is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper cost is payed by reader.Another thing we mustn’t forget is the “small ads” which are in virtually every newspaper what a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about everything can be accomplished through these columns, for instance; you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death. It’s the advertisement among the advertisements.

第一单元Close A 完形 The humanities are not a mere device but a form of knowledge.~

1 achievement 2 sense 3 influence 4 without 5 something 6 except 7 interested 8 surface 9liking 10 choosing 11gratify 12 temptation 13 despite14 neglected 15 phenomenon 16 ingrained 17 intellectual 18 explore 19 concern 20 insight 21 reasons 22 acquired 23 possession 24 part 25 terms

第三单元Close A 完形 Modern advertising is a form of magic, which creates a Promised land.~

1 habit 2 promised 3 techniques 4 place 5 works 6 appeal 7 communal 8 feeling 9 notion 10industry 11connection 12turn over 13goes 14surveys 15 establish 16 cost 17alone 18 potential 19 geared 20 word

第四单元Close A 完形 What is jazz? Jazz is vigorous~

1musical 2freedom 3 therefore 4 to 5 perspective 6 gave 7 source 8foundation9language 10methods 11replace 12spread 13maturity

14 audience 15 alive 16 features 17qualities 18necessary 19composed 20 symbol

第六单元Close A 完形 The scientific study of man can be traced back to ancient times~

1combines 2adaptation 3 indispensable4 opposed 5 existing 6lacked 7defects 8current 9 speculation 10 related 11behavior

12emphasize 13testing 14 constantly15different 16 develop 17 derived 18 common 19suffers 20 applicable 第七单元Close A 完形 As the society becomes more and more~

1affluent 2declined 3urgency 4 less 5purchases 6choose 7releasing 8 source 9 granted 10motivation 11 qualification 12 investment 13 access 14 regarded 15 material 16 quantitatively 17 neither 18 expending 19 occupation 20 whole

第十一单元Close A 完形For thousands of years,~ 1 significance 2 symbolism 3 periods 4 oriented 5 aspect 6 effects 7 emotions 8 coherent 9 explain 10 imposes 11 reactions

12independently 13recurs 14 distant 15context 16sphere 17 proceeding18invasions19reference20 distinguished 21 practical

22 feelings 23 affected 24 latter 25 relativity 1

翻译（3）音乐会

对一般经常去听音乐会的人来说，在伟大的音

乐家中还很少有像柴可夫斯基（Tschaikovsky）这样如此让人着迷。几乎在所有的乐曲形式中都能找到他的深受人们欢迎的作品。这也确是理所当然的事。柴可夫斯基的音乐洋溢着温暖人心的博爱和激动的戏剧效果。人们很容易领会他的主题和情绪。那种个人特有的，亲切的曲调强烈地表现在音乐中，使我们很自然地分享到柴可夫斯基的欢乐与悲伤，例如，在听他的《悲呛交响曲》（Pathetic Symphony）和《胡桃夹子组曲》（Nutcracker Ballet Suite）时就是这种情况。他的音乐好像是把我们当作他的知心人，向我们展示他内心的秘密。虽然柴可夫斯基情绪变化的范围很大――从变化莫测的轻松愉快的幻想到疾风暴雨似的痛苦呐喊――但是正如在生活中一样，在音乐中他也基本上是一个忧郁的人。也许正是他的音乐在传达极强烈的感情和痛苦时的那种真诚，使千百万人为他的交响乐和协奏曲所吸引。一种坦率的真诚和温暖人心的感情从他的音乐中奔涌出来。他那最动人的旋律环绕在人们的心头，使人们久久不能忘怀。只要在真诚的艺术形式中所表现的真诚感情能够打动人心，柴可夫斯基的音乐就将继续在音乐厅和歌剧院中占据很高的位置。

在那些为人们所喜爱而反复轮演的各种音乐

形式的乐曲中，只有贝多芬（Beethoven）和莫扎特(Mozart)才能在数量上与柴可夫斯基相匹敌。柴可夫斯基的小提琴协奏曲(violin concerto)和贝多芬的小提琴协奏曲同样是人们要求演奏的曲目。《悲呛交响曲》是保留曲目中持久不衰的受到人们喜爱的三四部作品之一。柴可夫斯基的《胡桃夹子组曲》也许是这一类乐曲中最受人们欢迎的一部了。

For great names in music spell as much magic

to the average concert-goer as that of Tschaikovsky. In almost every musical form will be found a work of his ranking high in popularity. And quite deservedly so, Tschaikovsky’s music is filled with a warm humanity and stirring drama. The themes and feelings are easy to grasp. The personal intimate note is so strong in this music that we find it natural, while listening to the Pathetic Symphony or the Nutcracker Ballet Suite, for example, to share Tschaikovsky’s joys and sorrows, this music seems to take us into his confidence and show us the secret places of his heart. Although Tschaikovsky’s range of moods is wide-from the whimsical play of light fantasy to stormy outcries of anguish-essentially he was a melancholy man, in his music as in his life. Perhaps it is the genuineness of his music in conveying strong emotions and suffering that has drawn millions to his symhonies and concerts. A frank sincerity and warmheartedness flow from his music. The best of his melodies linger hauntingly in the mind and heart. As long as sincere feeling expressed in sincere artistic form can move the hearts of men. Tschaikovsky’s music will continue to hold a high place in the concert hall and opera house.

Only Beethoven and Mozart can rival Tschaikovsky in the number of compositions in various musical forms that stands out as repertory favorites. Tschaikovsky’s violin concerto is as much a “request” item as Beethoven’s. The Pathetic Symphony ranks with the three or four enduring favorites of repertory. Tschaikovsky’s Nutcracker Ballet is probably the most popular suite of its kind in music.




翻译（4）强调“实用性

强调“实用性”是以社会科学从属于自然科学为其特征的。历史不是被看作传给新一代的必不可少的经验，而是带有霉味的抽象概念。艺术被视为某种需要放纵或赞助的东西，在讲究实际的现实中没有它的位置。政治学被更多地看成是为有志从政者开的一种专门科学，而不是为公民提供的一个机会，使他们与支配人类社会的各种统治制度逐渐建立起一种通达的关系。最后，分配给文学和哲学的是一种与“真正的”教育不相关的智力装饰品的角色。

Emphasis on “practicalities” is being characterized by the subordination of the social to the natural sciences .History is seem not as essential experience to be transmitted to new generations, but it is abstraction that carries stale odors. Art is regarded as something that calls for indulgence or patronage and that has no place among the practical realities. Political science is viewed more as a specialized subject for people who want to go into politics than as an opportunity for citizens to develop a knowledgeable relationship with the systems by which human societies are governed. Finally, literature and philosophy are assigned the role of intellectual adornments that have nothing to do with “genuine” education.

对任何一个受过专业或职业教育的人来说，没有什么比有能力处理抽象或复杂的事物，能够自在地感知思想或语言上的微妙之处，能够合乎逻辑地思考问题等更为重要。只懂疾病的医生与既懂人的心理又懂病理机体的医生相比显然处于劣势。对从事技术的人来说，善于他人合作可以说与善于设计运动机件同等重要。

Nothing is more valuable for anyone who has had a professional or vocational education than to be able to deal with abstractions or complexities, or to feel comfortable with subtleties of thought or language, or to think logically, The doctor who knows only disease is at a disadvantage compared with the doctor who knows at least as much about people as he does about pathological organisms. For the technologist, the engineering of operation can be just as important as the engineering of moving parts.

社会科学决不可被放弃，除非人类的过去从不存在或者没有任何值得我们今天借鉴的东西；除非思维过程与目的的实现毫无关系；除非创造力为人的智力所不及，且与人生的乐趣风马牛不相及；除非人际关系是生活中无法预测的一个方面；除非人们从来不必与恐惧和痛苦抗争，或者说除非人们从来不必预料因果关系；除非心灵与自然界的奥秘都已全部探索清楚。

The social sciences would be expendable only if the human past never existed or had nothing to tell us about the present; if thought processes were irrelevant to the achievement of purpose; if thought processes were irrelevant to the achievement of purpose; if creativity was beyond the human mind and had nothing to do with the joy of living; if human relationships were random aspects of life; if human beings never had to cope with panic or pain. or if they never had to anticipate the connection between cause and effect; if all the mysteries of mind and nature were fully probed history is seen not as the essential experience to be transmitted to new generation, but as abstraction carry stale odors .Art is regard as something that calls for indulgence or purtronage, and it has no place among the practical realities. (something that has no place among the practical realities)

翻译（5）物质社会

我们生活在一个物质社会里，从小就受到“物欲”的熏陶，我们的财产----“我的”和“你的”----- 从小就清清楚楚地标明了。但我们长大到能维持生计时，我们一点也不惊讶地发现成功是用你能赚多少钱来衡量的。然而，不只是在富裕的社会里人们才沉迷于赚钱，消费品在哪里都是人们所向往的，所以现代企业主动出击不断开辟新市场。

以前工业产品做得坚固耐用的日子已经一去不复返了。工业化的车轮滚滚向前，内在的淘汰提供了一个办法：制造产品的目的就是为了要抛弃它，人们刚刚买到今年的新款式就开始考虑怎么把它换掉。

这种实利主义的观念严重的影响教育。现在，越来越少的年轻人仅仅为了获取知识而学习，每一门功课都要有一定的向导，比如通往更高的薪金。对高科技人员的需求远远大于供给，各大公司相互竞争，在学生毕业之前就将他们征募，并且提供诱人的薪金及额外津贴。如此的招募策略导致“人才外流”，及高科技人才为出价高的人提供服务的现象。有钱的国家夺去了他们的穷邻居最能干的公民。在财富之神备受崇拜之时，富人越富；穷人越穷。

我们生活在一个物质社会里，从小就受到“物欲”的熏陶，我们的财产----“我的”和“你的”----- 从小就清清楚楚地标明了。但我们长大到能维持生计时，我们一点也不惊讶地发现成功是用你能赚多少钱来衡量的。然而，不只是在富裕的社会里人们才沉迷于赚钱，消费品在哪里都是人们所向往的，所以现代企业主动出击不断开辟新市场。

We live in a materialistic society and are nurtured from our earliest years to be acquisitive. Our possessions --- “our” and “yours” --- are clearly labeled from early childhood. When we grow old enough to earn a living, it does not surprise us to discover that success is measured in terms of the money you earn. However, it is not only in affluent societies that people are obsessed with the idea of making more money. Consumer goods are desirable everywhere and modern industry deliberately sets out to create new markets.

以前工业产品做得坚固耐用的日子已经一去不复返了。工业化的车轮滚滚向前，内在的淘汰提供了一个办法：制造产品的目的就是为了要抛弃它，人们刚刚买到今年的新款式就开始考虑怎么把它换掉。

Gone are the days when industrial goods were made to last forever. The wheels of the industry must be kept turning. inherent obsolescence provides the means: goods are made to be discarded. You no sooner acquire this year’s model than are thinking about its replacement.

这种实利主义的观念严重的影响教育。现在，越来越少的年轻人仅仅为了获取知识而学习，每一门功课都要有一定的向导，比如通往更高的薪金。对高科技人员的需求远远大于供给，各大公司相互竞争，在学生毕业之前就将他们征募，并且提供诱人的薪金及额外津贴。如此的招募策略导致“人才外流”，及高科技人才为出价高的人提供服务的现象。有钱的国家夺去了他们的穷邻居最能干的公民。在财富之神备受崇拜之时，富人越富；穷人越穷。

This materialistic outlook has seriously influenced education. Less and less young people these days acquire knowledge only for its own sake.Every course of studies must lead somewhere, for example, to a higher wages, the demand for high- tech personnel far exceeds the supply and big companies compete with each other to recruit students before they graduate from university. Tempting salaries and “fringe benefits” are offered to them. Recruiting tactics of this kind have led to the higher bidder. The wealthier nations deprive their poorer neighbors of their most able citizens. While mammon is worshipped as never before, the rich get richer and the poor gets poorer.

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翻译(6)颜色和感情

我们都把颜色和感情及态度联系在一起。在政

治领域，暗蓝色常表示“传统”而蓝色也能表示背伤。白色常和纯洁联系在一起。当然在中国，白色则是葬礼服装的颜色，红色则表示婚庆的喜悦；而在西欧，白色是婚庆服装的颜色，黑色则是葬礼服装的颜色。广告商知道选择颜色的重要性，他们往往根据人们对颜色的不同反应来选择其颜色。肥皂粉用白色和浅蓝色包装（纯洁如冰）。谷物常用棕色包装（麦田的颜色）。但化妆品从不用棕色罐装。

这些想法从哪里的来呢？日内瓦大学的Max Lusche教授认为人类之初受制于两种不以我们意志为转移的力量；黑夜与白天。黑夜产生消极状态，新陈代谢总体减缓；白昼产生了行动的可能性，代谢率提高，给我们提供了体力和主动性。因此，暗色是一种安静和消极的颜色，鲜黄色是希望和行动的颜色。在史前人类活动中，一般采取其中之一。或者是我们狩猎和攻击；或者是我们被追逐而自卫。红色普遍被认为具有攻击性，而作为映衬的绿色被认为是自我保护。

我们都把颜色和感情及态度联系在一起。在政

治领域，暗蓝色常表示“传统”而蓝色也能表示背伤。白色常和纯洁联系在一起。当然在中国，白色则是葬礼服装的颜色，红色则表示婚庆的喜悦；而在西欧，白色是婚庆服装的颜色，黑色则是葬礼服装的颜色。广告商知道选择颜色的重要性，他们往往根据人们对颜色的不同反应来选择其颜色。肥皂粉用白色和浅蓝色包装（纯洁如冰）。谷物常用棕色包装（麦田的颜色）。但化妆品从不用棕色罐装。

We all associate colors with emotion and attitudes. In political field, dark blue often means “tradition” and blue means “social change”. But blue can also mean sadness, and white is often for purity, although in china white is worn for funerals, and red is used to express that joy of a wedding. In Western Europe white is worn at weddings and black for funerals. Advertisers are aware of the importance of selecting colors according to the way people react to them. Soap powders come in white and light blue packets (clean and cold, like ice); cereals often come in brown packets (like wheat fields), but cosmetics never come in brown jars.

这些想法从哪里的来呢？日内瓦大学的Max Lusche教授认为人类之初受制于两种不以我们意志为转移的力量；黑夜与白天。黑夜产生消极状态，新陈代谢总体减缓；白昼产生了行动的可能性，代谢率提高，给我们提供了体力和主动性。因此，暗色是一种安静和消极的颜色，鲜黄色是希望和行动的颜色。在史前人类活动中，一般采取其中之一。或者是我们狩猎和攻击；或者是我们被追逐而自卫。红色普遍被认为具有攻击性，而作为映衬的绿色被认为是自我保护。

Where do these ideas come from? Max Lusche

from the University of Geneva believes that in the beginning life was dictated by two factors beyond our control: night and day. Night brought passiving, and a general slowing down of metabolism; day brought with it the possibility of action, and increase in the metabolize rate, thus providing us with energy and initiative. therefore,dead color is the color of quiet and passivity ,bright yellow is the color of hope and activity. In prehistoric times, activity as a rule took one of two forms: either we were hunting and attacking, or we were being hunted and defending ourselves against attack.Attack is universally represented by the red color; self-preservation is used by its complement green.

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