句子成分

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句子成分

组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语和补足语等。主语和谓语是句子的主体成分。宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语和补足语是句子的次要成分。 一、 主语

主语说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。名词（短语）、代词、数次、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）和从句等皆可作主语。 A light wind woke among the trees. 微风从林间掠过。

Nobody can help you except yourself. 只有你自己才能帮助你。

Two-thirds of them can play more than one music instrument. 他们中三分之二会演奏一种以上乐器。

The rich are not always happier than the poor. 有钱人并不一定比穷人更快乐。 To go bed early and to get up early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一种好习惯。 Travelling abroad is popular these days. 现在出国旅游很流行。

It is said that she is a promising player. 据说她是一个很有希望的队员。

What we can’t get seems better than what we have. 我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。 二、 谓语

谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。谓语的中心词是限定动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。

Linda worked for the company for two years. 琳达为这家公司工作了两年。 Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。 I have tried this way three times. 我用这种方式试了三次。 What happened last night? 昨晚发生了什么事情？

I would like to invite all my friends here. 我想把所有的朋友都邀请到这里来。 Our school becomes more beautiful. 我们的学校变得更加漂亮。 三、 宾语

宾语表示动作的对象或承受着，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 1、 宾语的种类

宾语有单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语等。双宾语又分为直接宾语和间接宾语。

（1） 直接宾语表示动作的直接承受者或结果，大多数动词后跟直接宾

语。

We love peace.

Who put forward the suggestion?

Please wake me up at six tomorrow morning.

（2） 间接宾语

间接宾语表示动作是对谁的或为谁做的。 Mom gave me a toy car. She bought me a nice gift. He plated us some light music.

（3） 复合宾语

“宾语+宾语补足语”结构构成了复合宾语，宾语与补足语之间具


有逻辑上的主谓关系。 We all find him a nice boy.

Don’t force your children to study. She asked me to help her. I saw a stranger waving to me.

You should get the work done by tomorrow.

2、 作宾语的成分

可以作宾语的成分只要有名词（短语）、代词、数次、名词化的形容词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）、从句等。 May I see your ticket, please? Where did you buy that?

If you put 5 and 7 together, you’ll get 12, little Tom. We should help the poor.

Remember to tell him to come. Do you understand what I mean?

四、 表语

表语和前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。充当表语的可以是单词、短语或从句。 Lily is a Canadian.

Lucy turned doctor after school. She often looks cheerful.

I am quite surprised to see you here. My wish is to become an artist. Class was over at last.

That’s where the battle took place. 五、 定语

定语是用来描述名词或代词的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。定语可分为前置定语和后置定语两种。

1、 前置定语（形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格、动词的ing形式、

动词的-ed形式等。）

Open your mouth and put out your tongue. She cut the cake into two pieces. This is a stone table.

Put the child in the sleeping bag.

You should adapt to the changing situation. The ground is covered with fallen leaves.

2、 后置定语（形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式（短语）、动词的ing形式、

动词的-ed形式、从句等。

I have got something interesting to tell everyone of you. The buildings around were badly damaged. The books on the top shelf were just bought. Let’s try another way to do this.

There is a gentleman asking to see you.

Most of the people invited to the party are famous scientists.

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