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北师大版高一英语模块一词汇详解 Module 1 Unit 1 Lifestyles
1. matter n. & v. 1) n. ① 物质
e.g. Matter is primary and mind secondary. 物质是第一位的，精神是第二位的。 The desk is a solid matter. 桌子是一种固体物质。
② 事情
e.g. the heart / root of the matter 事情的根本
the matter in hand / under discussion 手头上的事 / 正在讨论的事 It’s no laughing matter. 这不是开玩笑的事。
I don’t discuss private matters with my colleagues. 我不和同事讨论私事。 We have several important matters to deal with at our next meeting.在我们下次会议上有几件重要的事要处理。
③ 毛病，麻烦事 (the ~)
e.g. What’s the matter with the machine? 这台机器有什么毛病？
Nothing is the matter with me.(= There is the matter with me. 我没事。) 2) v. 要紧，有关系
e.g. What they said matters little. 他们所说的没什么要紧。
What does it matter? 这要紧吗？
It doesn’t matter if I miss my train.如果我错过了火车，这没什么关系。 Does it matter if we’re a bit late? 如果我们迟到一会要紧吗？ It is no matter to me what you do . (= It doesn’t matter to me what you do.)你做什么与我没有关系。
相关短语：① no matter+ whether /疑问词„„ 无论„„
e.g. Don’t open the door, no matter who comes. 无论谁来了，都不要开门。 Don’t trust him, no matter what he says. 无论他说什么，都别相信他。 No matter where you go, I’ll follow you. 无论你去哪儿，我都跟着你。 No matter whether it will rain or not, we have decided to leave at six in the morning. 无论天是否下雨，我们都决定早上六点钟离开。
② a matter of „ 一件„„的事 / 问题
e.g. It’s a matter of life and death. 这是有关生死的问题。
③ make matters worse 使情况更糟糕的是
e.g. Her attempts to calm them down only made matters worse. 2. suppose vt. 1) 认为，猜想
e.g. What makes you suppose that I’m against it? 什么使得你认为我反对此事？ I don’t suppose he’ll agree, or I’m sure he won’t agree. 我认为他不会同意的。
What do you suppose he wanted? 你认为他想要什么？
It was generally supposed that it would not happen again. 一般认为这事不会再发生了。
The painting was widely supposed to have been lost during the war. 这幅画普遍被认为在战争中已丢失了。
She’ll be there today, I suppose. 她今天会在那儿的，我认为。
“Will he come?” “Yes, I suppose so. / No, I don’t suppose so. / I suppose not.”
2) 假定，假设
e.g. Suppose that the news is true; what then? 假设这消息是真的，那又怎样呢？ Suppose you had a million pounds --- how would you spend it? 假设你有一百万英镑，你会怎样花它？
近义表达法：supposing (= if) 如果，假设
e.g. Supposing that it rains, can we play the match indoors? 如果明天下雨的话，我们能在室内打比赛吗？
相关短语：be supposed to do sth. (= be expected to do sth.) 被期望做某事 / 应该做某事
e.g. You’re supposed to pay the bill by Friday. 你应该在周五前付了帐。 You’re not supposed to play football in the classroom. 你不应该在教室里踢足球。
They were supposed to be here an hour ago. 他们应该在一小时以前到达。 Am I supposed to clean all the rooms or just this one? 我是应该打扫完所有的房间还是只这一间？
3. complain v. 抱怨，投诉
e.g. She complained to me about his rudeness. 她向我抱怨他的粗鲁。 He complained that his meal was cold. 他抱怨说他的饭菜冷了。
Our next door neighbor said he’d complain about us to the police if we made any more noise. 我们隔壁的邻居说如果我们再弄出噪音的话，他将向警方投诉。 She complained of his carelessness.(= She complained that his carelessness caused her a lot of trouble.)
派生词：complaint n. 抱怨，诉苦，怨言；不适，疾病（委婉语） e.g. He poured out his complaints before me. 他在我面前诉苦。
The workers made a list of their complaints. 工人们列出了他们的抱怨。 4. switch n. & v.
1) n. 开关，电门，转换器；转变，改变
e.g. press the on / off switch, a switch from gas to electricity, make a switch from„to„
2) v. 转换，改变
e.g. He switched one argument for another. 他改变了他的论点，转到另一个论点上了
They switched the train to the other track.. 他们将火车转到了另一个轨道上。 He switched the lights from green to red. 他将灯从绿色转变成了红色。
相关短语：switch on接通电流，开 switch off 切断电源 switch over 转换频道，转变
e.g. Don’t switch the radio on yet.
Parents and children should switch roles with each other at times. You drive first and then we’ll switch over.
When you leave the room, please switch off the gas
The power went off in several parts of the country during the high wind. 大风期间，这个乡村的好几处地方断了电。
I’m sorry I’m late; I overslept because my alarm clock didn’t go off. 很抱歉我迟到了。我睡过了头，因为我的闹钟没有响。
6. take up 1) 拿起 2）占去（时间、空间等） 3）开始从事（某项工作等），
开始对„„感兴趣
e.g. Take care not to take up the hot coals with your bare hands. 小心别徒手拿热的煤。
This old tree will have to be taken up by its roots. 这棵老树将被连根拔起。
That big clock will have to be moved; it takes up too much space in the small hall.
Writing in another language demands so much effort that it takes up all my attention. 用另一种语言写作要求付出很多的努力，以致于它花费了我所有的注意力。
When does the Minister take up his office? 这位部长什么时候就职？ When did Jane first take up music? 简是什么时候开始对音乐感兴趣的？ 7. suffer v. 1) vt. 经历，遭受 suffer pain / defeat / losses 遭受痛苦 / 失败 / 损失 2) vi. 受苦，感到疼痛/不适/悲伤等 suffer from headaches / loss of memo
ry 由于头疼 / 失忆而痛苦
e.g. We all have to suffer at some time in our lives. 在我们的一生中免不了有受苦的时候。
He couldn’t suffer criticism. 他受不了批评。
He suffered cruel oppression in the old society. 他在旧社会受到残酷压迫。 8. stand n. & v. 1） n. 架，摊，台
e.g. a coat stand 衣架 a news stand 报摊 a market stand 市场摊位 2） vi. 站立
e.g. stand on one foot 单脚站立
She was too weak to stand. 她太虚弱，站立不住。
A chair will not stand on two legs. 两条腿的椅子无法站立。
Stand still while I take your photograph. 当我给你拍照时，你站着别动。 After the bombing only a few houses were left standing. 爆炸之后，只有几栋房子依然挺立。
3) vt. ① 使直立；竖直放置
e.g. Don’t stand cans of petrol near the fire. 别把汽油罐放在火边。 Stand the ladder against the wall. 把梯子靠墙放着。
② 忍受 （多用于否定句、疑问句）(= bear; put up with) e.g. He can’t stand hot weather. 他无法忍受炎热的天气。 She said she couldn’t stand such foolish behavior. 她说她无法忍受这样愚蠢的行为。
She couldn’t stand to be told what to do. 她无法忍受被告知该做什么。 He can’t stand being kept waiting. 他无法忍受等待。
I can’t stand him interrupting all the time. 我无法忍受他一直打扰。 4) link v. 处于（某种状态）
e.g. The house has stood empty for months. 这房子一直空了好几个月。 8. reduce vt. & vi. 减少，降低；使成为（更小尺寸或更简单形式）
e.g. The fire reduced the forest to a few trees. 大火将这片森林烧得只剩几棵树。
This experienced editor is said to be able to reduce the misprints to almost zero. 这位有经验的编辑据说能将错误印刷率降低到几乎为零。
The poor woman is reduced to begging. 这位可怜的妇女沦落到了乞讨的境地。 The house was reduced to ashes. 这房子被烧成了灰。 He was reduced to nothing. 他瘦得不成样子。 9. diet n. 饮食 比较： diet, food
diet 是指一种特定的饮食习惯或一种规定的饮食，如素食，病人吃的某些食品。 e.g. be / go on a diet 节食 a meat / vegetable diet 荤食 / 素食
The doctor ordered him a diet without sugar. 医生命令他吃无糖食品。
The Irish used to live on a diet of potatoes. 爱尔兰人过去靠土豆为主食。 Proper diet and exercise are both important for health. 适当的饮食和锻炼对健康都是重要的。
food 多作不可数名词，指可食用的所有东西，偶尔也可作可数名词。
e.g. food and drink 饮食 mental food 精神食粮 canned food 罐装食品
Milk is the natural food for young babies. 牛奶对于婴儿来说是天然食品。 We always get lots of food there, but they never give us much to drink. 我们总能从那儿得到很多食物，但他们从不给我们很多喝的东西。
Too many sweet foods, like cakes and chocolates may increase your weight. 太多的甜食，象蛋糕和巧克力，可能会增加你的体重。 9. prefer v. 宁愿 （preferred, preferring） 常用结构：prefer + sth. 更喜欢„„
A to B 喜欢A胜过喜欢B
to do sth. / doing sth. 喜欢做某事 sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
that-clause (从句用should + v.) 宁愿„„ doing A to doing B 喜欢做A胜过喜欢做B to do A rather than do B
e.g. Which would you prefer，tea or coffee? 咖啡和茶，你更喜欢哪一种？
People in the south prefer rice while those in the north prefer food made from flour. 南方人爱吃米饭，而北方人较喜欢吃面食。
I prefer to walk there. (= I prefer walking there. )我宁愿步行去那儿。 He chose Spain，but personally I/'d prefer to go to Greece. 他选了西班牙，但就我个人而言，我倒想去希腊。
He said he preferred the country to the city. 他说城市和乡村相比，他更喜欢农村。
The soldier preferred to die rather than give in before the enemy. 这位战士宁愿死，也不在敌人面前屈服。
I’d prefer you not to go there alone. 我倒希望你不要单独去那儿。
We prefer that they(should)do it in a different way. 我倒希望他们用另一种方法去做。
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2022-04-25
