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窦明明 2013商务英语 20133000105
初中英语导学案
教学内容 使用班级 授课课题 教学重点 教学目标： 1. 2. 3. 4.
了解名词的分类以及分类依据 理解并掌握名词单数变复数的规则 熟练运用名词单复数转化的规律 理解运用名词所有格
初中英语 语法点 2015级1-4班 词法——名词 1. 名词的分类
2. 名词的单复数变化
授课教师 授课时间 课型 教学难点
窦明明 2015年11月
新授课（语法复习课） 1. 名词的单复数变化中的不规则变化 2. 名词所有格
教学内容概述：
1. 名词的分类
1）专用名词：具体的人名、事物名、地名、机构名、国名以及月份和节日的名词。 e.g Green （格林） Chicago （芝加哥） Thanksgiving Day（感恩节）etc. 2）普通名词：一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。 分类：
可数名词：①个体名词：单个的人或事物（book, student）
②集体名词：一群人或一些事物总称的名词(army, police, people) 不可数名词：
A. 物质名词：无法分为个体的物质、材料的名词（water, glass, wind）
B. 抽象名词：用来描述人的性格、情感、品质、状态等抽象概念的名词(honesty, youth) 2. 名词的数
可数名词单数变复数：
1)一般情况在词尾加-s,如map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days
2)以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的名词后加-es,如class-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,brush-brushes, potato-potatoes
3)以-f或-fe结尾的词, 变为复数时有两种方法: ①先变-f和-fe为v再加-es, 如leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives; ②直接加-s,如belief-beliefs,chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, scarf-scarfs
4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es,如,city-cities, party-parties,family-families, story-stories
5)以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，直接加-s,如toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays
6)以字母o结尾的单词：piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos,kilo-kilos; zero-zeros/zeroes,
volcano-volcanoes/volcanos; hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes;truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths;
7)以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s, 如radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos 除此之外：还有一些不规则变化的名词需要大家单独记忆。
man—men ;woman—women; child—children; ox—oxen; policeman—policemen; Englishman—Englishmen Frenchman—Frenchmen foot—feet tooth—teeth mouse—mice
【常用必备——常用不可数名词口诀】 Part1
金木水火土，米面肉食布，都是不可数
gold; wood; water; fire; earth, rice; flour; meat; food; cloth Part 2
金银钢铁和天气（gold, silver, steel, iron, weather） 煤油棉花和玻璃（coal, oil, cotton, glass） 面包果汁和氧气（bread, juice, oxygen） 咖啡牛奶和茶叶（coffee, milk, tea）
纸币烟酒和头发（paper, money, smoke, wine,hair） Part 3
幸福时光和爱情（happiness, time, love）
民主进步重要性（democrocy, progress, importance） 青春教育有信息（youth, education, information） 慈善友谊和关系（kindness, friendship, relationship） 知识力量和能力（knowledge, power, ability） 胜利消息有乐趣（victory, news, fun）
交通污染不美丽（traffic, pollution, beauty） 放下行李提建议（baggage, advice）
3. 名词所有格 [名词’s (意思是 “„„的”)]
有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加“’s”但注意： 1) 表两者共有则在后者加“’s”
Lucy and Lily’s father 露西和莉莉的父亲
Lucy’s and Lily’s father’s露西的父亲和莉莉的父亲. 2)以s结尾的词只加“ ’ ”
eg. 1) the boys’ books 2) James’ father 3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导 eg. the leg of the desk the capital city of China
4)双重所有格：a friend of my father’s
a friend of mine ( √ ) a friend of my( × ) 当堂习题检测：
I. Write the pulural forms of the following words.
1. pencil-box _______ _ 2. wife _______ 3. German_______ 4.city_____ 5. dress _______
6.Englishman ________7. match _______ 8. Chinese ________9.zoo______ 10.exam_______ 11.ox_____12.Japanese______13.family____ 14.child________15.egg_____
II. Multiple Choice
1. Which is the ＿＿＿to the bus stop, please? A road B way C street D address 2. Hurry up! There is＿＿＿ time left.
A little B a little C few D a few 3. How many ＿＿＿can you see in the picture?
A tomatos B tomatoes C tomato D the tomato 4. Shanghai is one of the biggest＿＿＿in our country. A city B city's C citys D cities 5. Would you please pass me＿＿＿?
A two paper B two papers C. two pieces of paper D two pieces of papers 6. September 10th is ＿＿＿Day.
A Teacher B Teachers C Teacher's D Teachers' 7. June 1st is＿＿＿.
A Children's day B children's Day C Children's Day D children's day 8. These foreign friends are＿＿＿.
A German B Germen C Germany D Germans 9. All the students are busy, so＿＿＿ of them will go to the cinema. A many B little C a few D few 10. There are three＿＿＿and seven＿＿＿in the picture.
A deers, sheeps B deers, sheep C deer, sheep D deer, sheeps 11. Whose room is this? It's＿＿＿.
A my B Kike's and John's C our D Kike and John's 12. There are three ____ in our factory.
A.woman doctors B. women doctors C. woman doctor D. women doctor 13. The ant has two ____.
A. stomaches B. stomacks C. stomach D. stomachs 14. Mr Li shook ____ warmly with a friend.
A. hand B. a hand C. hands D. the hands 15. Food and ____ are daily necessities（需要）for the people. A. cloth B. clothe C. clothes D. clothing
教后反思：
授课教师签名： 学生签名(3人以上)：
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2022-04-22
