一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态

2023-04-27 23:00:20   文档大全网     [ 字体: ] [ 阅读: ]

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一般,语态,现在时,过去时,被动
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一般现在时的被动语态 一、·英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。主语是动作的执行者,叫主动语态。 如: We clean the classroom. 我们打扫教室。 ·主语是动作的承受者,叫被动语态。 如:The classroom is cleaned (by us). 教室被(我们)打扫。

二、被动语态的构成:助动词be +及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语) ·其中by意为“被„„;由„„”,表动作的执行者。

如:The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。

·be有人称、数和时态的变化,其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。

如:English is widely spoken around the world. (肯定式) English is not widely spoken around the world. (否定式)

Is English widely spoken around the world? (疑问式) Yes, it is./No, it isnt. 三、被动语态的用法:

·在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下可用被动语态。 如:This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。 ·要强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时,用被动语态。 如:Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了。 四、主、被动语态的转换:

主动语态:主语+及物动词谓语动词+宾语(+其它

被动语态:主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+by+宾语(+其它 注意: 1. 主动、被动互转时,时态不变,但有人称和数的变化。

·主动句的主语是代词的主格形式,变成被动态by的宾语时,要用宾格形式。 ·主动句的宾语是代词的宾格形式,变成被动时,要转换为主格。

如: (1) People grow rice in the south. Rice is grown (by people) in the south. (2) She takes care of the baby. The baby is taken care of (by her).

2. 含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词 + be + 及物动词的过去分词 +by+宾语) 如:The work can be done. 这项工作很容易做。

Other planets may be visited in the future. 将来其他的星球也会有人登陆。

3. 主动句中的宾语补足语如果是不带to的不定式,在变被动句时,要加上to .使役动词make/ have/ let sb do sth see/ hear/ feel/ notice sb to do sth they heard a girl sing in the next room (by them). a girl was heard to sing in the next room (by them). 五、被动语态的结构:

肯定句:主语+ am / is / are + 动词的过去分词 +(by+人代宾格 )+ 其他 eg .English is studied (by us ) every day. 否定句::主语+ am / is / are + not + 动词的过去分词 +(by+人代宾格 )+ 其他 eg. English is not studied (by us ) every day.

疑问句:Is English not studied (by us ) every day.?

特殊疑问句:What/Where/When+ am / is / are +主语+动词的过去分词+ 其他?



一般过去式的被动语态

一、掌握一般过去时的被动语态的概念及构成

一般过去时的被动语态表示过去某一时间的被动动作或过去经常性、习惯性的被动动作,由“主 + was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 + by + 动作执行者”构成,无需说明动作执行者时可省去“by +


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作执行者”。句中主语就是原主动语态的宾语,动作执行者就是原主动语态的主语。was, were的使用由主语的单复数形式而定,主语为第三人称单数名词、代词或I时用was, 主语为复数名词、代词theyyou时用were。如: This bridge was built in October last year. 这座桥是去年十月份建的。

These cakes were made by my mother last night. 的。 The girl said she was often beaten by her brother. 女孩说她经常被她兄弟打。 二、掌握一般过去时的被动语态句型的变换方法

一般过去时被动语态句型变换应围绕was, were进行,否定形式应在其后加not, 一般疑问句形式应将其提至句首,特殊疑问句形式应将一般疑问句置于特殊疑问词后面,反意疑问句形式应保留was / were如: His computer was not stolen by thieves last night. 他的电脑昨天晚上没有被小偷偷走。

Was your homework finished in time yesterday evening? When was your letter written? The day before yesterday? 吗? Why was this problem not worked out by you? 为什么你没有解出这道试题? Your bike was not repaired last night, was it? 你的自行车昨晚没有被修理,是吗? 三、掌握一般过去时的被动语态疑问句的回答方法

一般过去时的被动语态的一般疑问句形式肯定回答用“Yes, ... was / were.,否定回答用“No, ... wasnt / werent.; 特殊疑问句应抓住特殊疑问词进行回答,可用简略方法,也可用完整方法; 反意疑问句也应用Yes, ... was / were.”或“No, ... wasnt / werent.”进行回答。如:

Was your office cleaned yesterday afternoon? Yes, it was. / No, it wasnt. 是的,打扫了。/ 不,没有打扫。

Were your rooms painted again last week? 你的房间上周重新粉刷了吗?

Yes, they were. / No, they werent. 是的,重新粉刷了。/ 不,没有重新粉刷。

When was your brother sent to work in Beijing? Last year. / He was sent to work in Beijing last year. / Where was the party held last Sunday? 上周日聚会在哪儿举行的? At home. / It was held at home. 在家里。/ 在家里举行的。

Your debt was paid off at last, wasnt it? 你所欠的债最终被还清了,是吗? Yes, it was. / No, it wasnt. 是的,被还清了。/ 不,没有被还清。


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