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英语基础知识大全
名词的变化规律
1. 一般情况下加s 如cats; dogs; friends; books; papers等 2. 以s; x; ch; sh 结尾的加es 如buses; boxes; matches; flashes等
3. 以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词;把y 改为i 再加es 如ladies; stories; candies等 但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s;如:boy→boys; day→days..
4. 部分以o 结尾的名词;有生命的加es; 没生命的加s 如potatoes; tomatoes; photos; pianos等;以oo 结尾一般情况下加s 如zoo; kangaroo等
5. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词;多把f 或fe 改为v再加es 如knives; shelves; leaves等 7少数名词有不规则的复数形式;例如:man→men;woman→women;tooth→teeth;foot→feet;child→children;mouse→mice..
注意与man和woman构成的合成词;其复数形式也是-men和-women..例如:an Englishman;two Englishmen..但German不是合成词;故复数形式为 Germans;man; woman等作定语时;它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定;如:men workers; women teachers.. 有个别名词单复数一样;例如:Chinese;Japanese;sheep;deer;fish等..但当fish表示不同种类的鱼时;可以加复数词尾.. 复数词尾s或es的读音方法
1、在ptkf等清辅音后读s ;如cups; hats; cakes..
2、在szt f等音后读iz;如glasses; pages; oranges; buses; watches;faces.. 3、在bd gv等浊辅音后读z;如beds; dogs; cities; knives.. 动词各种时态的变化 一、动词三单形式的变化规律
1. 直接在动词后加s ;如want—wants; work—works; know—knows; help—helps;get—gets.. 2. 以s; x; ch; sh 结尾的动词在后面加es ;如watch—watches;catch—catches.. 3. 以辅音字母加o 结尾加es ;如go—goes;do—does..
4. 以辅音字母加y 结尾;把y 改为i 再加es ;如study—studies;carry—carries;fly—flies;worry—worries
5. 以元音字母加y 结尾;直接加s ;如play—plays. 6. 不规则变化
二、动词ing 的变化规律:
1.英语动词加-ing;通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成:cough—coughing;climb—climbing;stand—standing;fight—fighting 2.以-e结尾的动词
1如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾;一般应去掉e再加ing:
write—writing;hope—hoping;care—caring;stare—staring;plane—plan-ing;have—having;save—saving; produce—producing; breathe—breathing 2以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉;将i变成y然后再加-ing: die—dying;tie—tying;vie—vying;lie—lying 3以-ee;-oe;-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e:
see—seeing;flee—fleeing;free—freeing;agree—agreeing;hoe—hoeing; dye—dyeing;eye—eyeing 4以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing:
sue—suing;imbue—imbuing;construe—construing;pursue—pursuing;rue—ruing 有时;词尾e可去掉也可保留: glue—gluing或 glueing;cue—cuing或 cueing; blue—blueing或 bluing; true—truing或trueing;clue—clueing或cluing 3.以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词
1如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节;最后一个字母需要重复:
run—running; stop—stopping; hop—hopping; plan—planning;star—starring; control—controlling但辅音x是个例外;无需重复x其实起着两个辅音的作用: tax—taxing;relax—relaxing
2如果动词最后一个音节为次重读音节;最后一个字母有时也重复: kidnap—kadnapping或kidnaping;program—programming或programing
3如果动词最后一个音节为非重读音节;最后一个字母大多无需重复:
open—opening;offer—offering;audit—auditing但在有些动词中;重复或不重复均可: worship—worshiping或 worshipping;focus—focusing或 focussing;cancel—canceling或cancelling;travel—traveling或travelling
以非重读的-el结尾的动词加-ing时;英国英语习惯于重复词尾l;而美国英语则习惯于不重复1..
4.若动词以一元音加一半元音y或w结尾;可直接加-ing:
pay—paying; throw—throwing;follow—following; draw—drawing; em-ploy—employing 5.以-ic结尾的动词应先在字母c后加一字母k再加-ing:
frolic—frolicking;panic—panicking;mimic—mimicking;picnic—picnicking;traffic—trafficking 三、动词过去式的变化规律:
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed;如:pull-pulled; cook-cooked 2.结尾是e加d;如:taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节;应双写末尾的辅音字母;再加-ed;如:stop-stopped
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的;变y为i; 再加-ed;如:study-studied 5.不规则动词过去式:
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