非延续性动词在现在完成时中的运用

2022-04-13 04:30:08 文档大全网 [ 字体：小中大 ] [ 阅读： ]

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非延续性动词在现在完成时中的运用

中坪中学王俊尧

 英语动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词（Durative verb）与终止性动词(Terminative verb)。

一、延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。

表示时间段的短语有：for+一段时间，for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+点时间，since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time, ect. eg. He has lived here for 6 years.

You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year.

How long did you stay there last year?

二、终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束或产生某种结果。如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy . eg.

终止性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;

eg.He died 5 years ago.

终止性动词所表示的动作极其短暂且不能持续，所以在完成时的肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：for 3 years，since he came here，how long，ect.且看下面三个错误句子：

1),Jim has come here for five years. 2),He has died for 3 years.

3),how long has she left HongKong?

否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。eg.

I haven't left here for 3 years.

I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.

如果终止性动词在现在完成时句子中需要同有段时间状语连用，解决这一逻辑矛盾的方法就是将终止性动词转换为延续性动词。三、延续性动词与终止性动词之间的转换

1，用相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词： borrow --- keep, buy --- have, become/come/go---be ,

catch a cold --- have a cold, open sth. --- keep sth. open, put on-- wear , eg. I bought the book 5 days ago. ---- I have had the book for 5 days. 2,将终止性动词转换为be+介词短语

begin/start --- be on, finish --- be over, join --- be in+组织机构/be a member of+

组织机构, go to school—be in school , get to/ arrive/reach /come/go/move--- be in/at+sw. put on—be on

eg.He has been in school for 9 years. 3, 将终止性动词转换为be+名词

join the army—be a soldier, join the League/Party—be a League/Party member ,

go to school—be a student

eg . He joined the Party 2 years ago. -----He has been in the Party for 2 years. He has been a student for 9 years.

4，用be+adj./adv.结构替换非延续性动词

close/open—be closed/open , come /go back/return --- be back, come here --- be here, die --- be dead, fall asleep --- be asleep, fall ill --- be ill, finish/end/complete → be over,

go there --- be there, go/leave --- be away（from）, go (get) out →be out, get up---be up, marry →be married, move—be out of

eg. The old man died 4 years ago. ----The old man has been dead for 4 years. ---- It is 4 years since the old man died. ----Four years has passed since the old man died.

5，去掉短语中的结束性动词

begin to study—study, come to work=work, get to know --- know, eg. We have known each other for 3 years. 6，用“It is/Has been+time +since…”句型表达原句的内容。但主句一般用现在时或完成时，since引导的时间状语或短语从句用一般过去时。eg.

It is/Has been three years since we got to know each other. 7，用“time +have passed since…”句型表达同样的意思。eg. He has been away his hometown for 5 years.--- Five years has passed since he left his hometown. 8，把一时间状语改为过去时间状语，原动词的完成时改为过去一般时。eg. He left his hometown five years ago.

他参军三年了。

He has joined the army for 3 years. He has been in the army for 3 years. He has been a soldier for 3 years.

It is/Has been 3 years since he joined the army. He joined the army 3 years ago.