高三英语高考语法知识点归纳总结非谓语动词

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谓语,知识点,英语,动词,归纳
七、非谓语动词

非谓语动词的语法功能

所能充当的成分

现在分词

V-ing形式

动名词

不定式(to do 过去分词(done)











主语

表语

宾语

宾语补足语



定语





注:现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分

generally speakingfrankly speakingjudging from/by...……considering.../taking...into consideration考虑到……

to tell you the truth说实话;seeing...考虑到……supposing假设,如果;providing如果;given考虑到,鉴于;provided that如果

非谓语动词的形式变化

构成

非谓语

语态

形式 时态 复合结构 否定式

主动 被动

一般式 进行式

不定式

完成式 完成

进行式 一般式

动名词

to do to have done to be doing to have been doing doing

to be done to have been

done /

/ being done having been done

sb.sb’s doing 作主语要用 sb’s doing

在前加not

特别注意复合结构的否定式:

sb’s not doing

sb’s not having done

for sb. to do sth.



of sb. to do sth.

在“to”前加not never

完成式 having done

现在分

与动名词变化形式相同 在前加not



在解非谓语习题时同学们遇到最大的困难有两个:一是如何判别是谓语动词还是非谓语动词;二是如何选用哪一种非谓语动词及其恰当的形式。 一、谓语与非谓语的比较

非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作任何形式的变化。如:他明天来拜访你。翻译成英语不是He will come visit you,而是He will come to visit you.这里就用了不定式to visit因此同学们要特别注意弄清句子的结构。

例:Tom sat under a tree and seeing his friend, up in no time.

A. to stand B. standing C. stood D. would stand 分析:stood是与sat并列的谓语。

非谓语语法功能的比较

做宾语的非谓语动词比较

情况 只接不定式 做宾语的动词 只接动名词 做宾语的动词或

短语

常用动词

hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen

mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist

feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to


意义基本相同 意义相反

begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接动名词多指一般或习惯行为)

need, want, require(主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,接动名词主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)

stop to do 停止手中所做的事,去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事 remember/forget/regret to do(指动作尚未go on to do(接着做另外一件事) 发生) go on doing(接着做同一件事) remember/forget/regret doing(指动作已经发生)

try to do(设法,努力去做,尽力) try doing(试试去做,看有何结果) can’t help to do(不能帮忙做) can’t help doing(忍不住要做)

mean to do(打算做,企图做) mean doing (意思是,意味着)

be considered to have done被认为已经做了 consider…to be认为是 consider doing考虑做某事





I asked to be sent to the countryside.

I heard him call me several times. I found her listening to the radio. We found the village greatly changed.





意义不同

非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别 常见动词

ask, beg, expect, get,

order, tell, want, wish, encourage

have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make notice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel

与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念

不定式

主谓关系,强调动作将发生或已

经完成

现在分 过去分

主谓关系,强调动作正在进行,

尚未完成 动宾关系,动作已经完成,多强

调状态

IV. 非谓语动词做定语的区别



不定式



动名词 现在分词 过去分词

与被修饰词往往有动宾关系,一般式表示将来,I have a lot of papers to type. 进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生,完成式表示I have a lot of papers to be typed. 在谓语动词之前发生 I havent decided which hotel to stay at.(介词at

不能丢)

通常指被修饰词的用途,无逻辑上的主谓关系 Shall we go to the swimming pool? 与被修饰词之间是主谓关系,表示动作与谓语动作同时发生

与被修饰词之间是被动关系,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前,现已经完成或只表示状态

the boiling water / the boiled water

the developing country/the developed country the falling leaves/the fallen leaves

注意:the bridge to be built 将建造的桥, the bridge being built 正在建造的桥,the bridge built已经建好的桥


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