动词种类及用法总结

2023-12-22 03:32:25   文档大全网     [ 字体: ] [ 阅读: ]

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动词,用法,种类,总结
动词

一. 动词:表示动作或状态。 二.

种类:

1. be动词:isamarewaswere

2.

助动词:⑴be动词:用于现在/过去进行时,被动语态 dodoesdid用于构成一般现在时/一般过去时 hashavehad用于构成现在完成时/过去完成时 Willshallwouldshouldbe going to

三. 行为/实义动词

1. 及物动词:直接加人或事物作宾语的动词。givetellteachaskeat

不及物动词:不能直接加人或事物作宾语的动词,若加宾语,借介词或副词。Look at/after/up/into/fortake awayput on/away/offtry on. 2. 延续性动词:runcry, teach,study,learn.

非延续性动词/buy,lend,finish,leave,close,open,join,borrow.

3. 情态动词 :有实义,不能单独作谓语,与实义动词一起作谓语。

Can, may,must,might,could,need,have to, dare,be able to, will,shall,

should,would,had better,ought to,be supposed to.只加动原

4. 连系动词:有实义,不能单独作谓语,与名词,形容词,动词不定式,现

在分词,动名词,介词短语一起构成系表结构,说明主语的状况,性质,特征。

口诀:一是(be),一觉(feel),一好像(seem)。

四个起来(look 看起来,sound听起来,smell 闻起来,taste尝起来)四个变得(getbecometurngo Seem的用法:主+seems/seemed+adj. +seems/seemed+to do sth. It+seems/seemed+that 从句

Eg.He seems a little unhappy.= He seems to be a little unhappy=It seems that he is a liitle unhappy.

种类:

状态系动词:be

持续系动词:keepremainstay 表象系动词:seemappearlook

感官系动词:feelsmellsoundtaste

变化系动词:becomegetturngogrow 5. 感官动词:一感feel二听listen tohear,四看look atseewatch

notice

使役动词:三使(letmakehave+sb.+do sth. Get sb.+to do sth. 四. 接双宾语的及物动词:

1.+及物动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(事物)= +vt.+st.+to sb.

awardbringhandlendmailofferpasspostreturnsendsellserveshowteachtellwritegivekick

2.+及物动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(事物)= +vt.+st.+for sb.

bookbuychoosecookmakedrawfixorderfetchpickpreparesingsteal

五. 非谓语短语:不能作谓语,只能做宾语,主语,定语,状语,宾语补足语,

表语。

种类:动词不定式,现在分词,动名词,过去分词 动词不定式 to do 现在分词 doing 动名词 doing 过去分词 done

现在分词,动名词的区别:

相同点:由动词变化而成的,保留了动词的某些特征,作宾语、状语,而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分

Speaking in the public , he will surely be very cheerful . (现在分词短语,作状语)他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的. She hates speaking in the public.


(动名词短语,作宾语)她不喜欢在公众场所讲话. 不同点:

1、动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语

①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变,例如:

My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换)

②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如: The story is interesting .不可改为:Interesting is the story. 2动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,

动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质状态或动作等试①a swimming boya swimming suit

前者“一个正在游泳的男孩”,a boy who is swimming ,现在分词swimming 示被修饰名词boy的动作;而后者“游泳衣”,a suit for swimming , 动名词swimming表示suit 的用途 a swimming pool一个游泳池; a walking stick一根拐棍

a sleeping child a sleeping car 前者“一个正在睡觉的孩子”,a child who is sleeping ,现在分词sleeping 示被修饰名词 child 正处于的状态;而后者“卧车(被用来睡觉的车厢), a car which is used for sleeping ,动名词 sleeping 表示car 的用途

3动名词可作实义动词或介词的宾语,动名词起名词作用,作主语、宾语、定语和表语。现在分词起形容词作用,作定语、宾语补足语、表语和状语; (一)只能接动词不定式作宾语的实义动词 afford(承担)aid(援助)appear(出现)agreearrange(安排)expect(期待)hopefailhappen(碰巧)helpoffer(提供)planpreparepretend(假装)

promise(许若)refuse(拒绝)seemwishmanage(设法)cant wait(迫不

急待)wantwould liketake actions ,take measuers,

decidebe able tobe used to do(被用于)used to do(过去常常) (二)只能接动词不定式作宾语补足语的实义动词 +及物动词+sb.+to do

ask,tell,advise(建议),allow(允许),beg(乞讨),cause(导致),encourage(),force(),expect(),forbid(),hate,get,invite(),like,need,warn(),wish,help,teach,want,would like,promise(),remind(提醒),

(三)只能接动名词作宾语的实义动词

Like,spend,aviod(避免),be busy(忙于),imagine(想象),cant stand(无法忍),cant help(),feel like,finish,practise(),miss,suggest(建议),keep on(继续/坚持),mind,be worth,consider(),be good at/do well in, be interested in,insist on(坚持),be used for,thank sb.for,be tired of(厌倦),be afraid of(害怕),put off(推迟),stop sb.from(阻止),give up(放弃),think of/about,how/what about to为介词, 非彼to不定式

Look forward to 盼望, pay attention to 注意到 be used to 习惯于

Prefer...to ............. devote to make a contribution to......做贡献 区别下列词组

see sb.do sth.(表示动作的全过程) see sb.doing sth.(表示正在进行的动作) hear sb.do sth.(表示动作的全过程)

hear sb.doing sth.(表示正在进行的动作) watch sb.do sth.(表示动作的全过程)

watch sb.doing sth.(表示正在进行的动作) notice sb.do sth.(表示动作的全过程)

notice sb.doing sth.(表示正在进行的动作) remember/forget to do sth.(要做未做) remember/forget doing sth.(已做过) stop/go on to do sth.(不同的两件事) stop /go on doing sth.(同一事)


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