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七年级英语下册7B 复习讲义
Unit1 Dream homes
词汇：dream，favourite，capital，chat, rain, busy, share, friendly, grow, call, different, own, no 短语：would like，look out，can’t wait to do sth. ,at least 语法：方位介词，基数词，序数词
重点词汇解析
1. dream
形容词：理想的，梦想中的
The beautiful garden is a dream place for children to play. 名词：梦想，梦
My dream is to become a singer when I grow up. 动词：做梦
Do you often dream? dream of 梦想，渴望
dream to do sth. 梦想做某事 dream about 梦见，设想，考虑 2. look
系动词look +形容词，如：look beautiful 不及物动词 相关短语:
look for 寻找 look at 看 look on 观看 look like 看起来像 look up 向上看，查询 look after照顾 look into朝…(里)看 look back on… 回顾… look forward to…期盼 look around 环顾四周 look down on 瞧不起 look up and down 上下打量 look out 小心(=be careful) look out of 朝…外看 look out at 朝外看…. 3. busy
形容词：忙碌的
The traffic is very busy at this time every day. be busy with sth. 忙于某事
The doctors are busy with their work。 be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事
Mrs. Green is busy cooking in the kitchen. 名词形式：business 商业，生意，贸易
We got a lot of support from the local businesses. 4. share
及物动词：分享，合用
Good friends can share the joys and sorrows。好朋友能同甘共苦。 share sth. with sb.
Mary shares a bedroom with her sister. 5. call
动词：称呼
Call me Mary，please. A dog called Eddie. call sb. 打电话给某人
David calls Mary after school. call sb. back 回电话给某人
Please call your father back when you get home. 6. own
形容词：自己的 owner (n)主人 ----- The owner of the house is Mr Green.
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one’s own sth. = sth. of one’s own
my own bedroom=a bedroom of my own
I want (to have) my own computer. = I want a computer of my own.
1. 方位介词（Prepositions of place） 1) 常用的方位介词（词组） 成反义词：above---below, over---under, inside---outside, in front of---behind 有关联的：above---over---on, below---under, beside---next to, at---in,
between---among
其 他：opposite 2) 使用时的注意点:
A. 方位介词在句子中的位置
The book is under the desk. （be动词的后面）
He is standing between the two trees.（实义动词的后面）
Do you know the man in front of the classroom?（放在名词后面修饰它） He lives in an old house in the center of the city.（作为整句话的状语） B. above和below，over和under
这两组反义词的前者都表示“在上方”，后者都表示“在下方”。 There are some bridges over the river. What’s under the bed? An old shoe. The shelf is above the top bunk bed.
She lives two floors below
Linda.
C. above, over和on
这三个词都表示“在上面”，on是指和物体有接触，over是指在正上方，没有接触面，above也是没有接触面，正上方或斜上方，但现在可代替over，如： The wooden house is over / above the river. The bag is on the table. There is a plane flying above our heads. D. at和in
这两个词常用在arrive后面，at后加小地点，in后加大地点，如：
He arrived at the airport at 4 p.m. We will arrive in Beijing tomorrow morning. E. between和among
between是指在两者之间，常用词组between…and…，而among是在三者或三者以上之间，如： I sit between Lily and Lucy.
Mr. Li likes staying among his students.（注：英语中的复数名词，没有特别指出是两个，都默认为三
者或三者以上）
F. opposite：在对面 如：Our school is opposite a park.
2. 基数词（Cardinal numbers） 表示数目的数词是基数词。 1) 基数词的构成
A. 两位数：十位数与个位数之间加连字符。如：23 twenty-three B. 三位数：百位数与最后两位数加and（美语省略and）。
如：201 two hundred and one 642 six hundred and forty-two C. 四位数：thousand之后加逗号，后面依照以上原则。
如：1,351 one thousand, three hundred and fifty-one D. 表示万以上的数目，将数字由右向左每三位加一个逗号，使一个数字分成几个小节，称为thousand节，million节等，然后按节处理，如：
68,343 sixty-eight thousand, three hundred and forty-three
13, 526, 300 thirteen million, five hundred twenty-six thousand, three hundred
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▲英语中没有直接的单词来表示“万”和“亿”，如：
一万 10,000 ten thousand 两万 20,000 twenty thousand
十万 100,000 one hundred thousand 三十万 300,000 three hundred thousand 一千万 10,000,000 ten million 两千万 20,000,000 twenty million 一亿 100,000,000 one hundred million
▲表示十亿，美国用one billion，英国用one thousand million 2) 基数词的运用
A. 表示确切数目时，hundred，thousand和million只能用单数，不能变复数；但表示不确定的数目时，要用复数形式。如： five hundred 五百 three thousand 三千 hundreds of 成百上千的 thousands of 成千上万的 millions of 数百万的 B. 表示时间：7:30 seven thirty
C. 表示年代：in the 1980s（读作nineteen eighties）在二十世纪八十年代 2005（读作two thousand and five）
D. 表示不确定的年龄：in his twenties 在他二十几岁时
3. 序数词（Ordinal numbers）
表示人或物的顺序的数词是序数词。 1) 序数词的构成
一二三，特殊记， (first，second，third)
加th从四起； (从四开始所有的序数词都是以th结尾的。)
八少t，九少e； (eight去t加th变成eighth，nine去e加上th变成 ninth) 逢五与十二，f替ve ； (five，twelve中ve变为f再加th，就成为fifth，twelfth) 二十到九十，y变ie； (20~90等十位整数的基数词都是以y结尾的，
变成序数词时要变y为ie,再加th。例如：twentieth，thirtieth等。)
若是几十几，前基后序要牢记。 (这些词的序数词写法是：十位数保持基数词不变，个位数改
成序数词，如：twenty-first, ninety-fifth.)
▲百位数的序数词：百位数用基数词＋后面十位数或个位数的序数词，如： 第二百二十 two hundred and twentieth 第二百零三 two hundred and third ▲序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母构成，如： two hundred and twentieth --- 220th two hundred and third --- 203rd ▲第九 ninth 十九 nineteen 第十九 nineteenth 九十 ninety 第九十 ninetieth 第四 fourth 十四 fourteen 第十四 fourteenth 四十 forty 第四十 fortieth 2）序数词的用法
A. 表示日期，如：March 18th, 1978 或 18th March, 1978 B. 表示编号或顺序，如：the sixth lesson = Lesson Six
C. 前面一般加定冠词the，如：He is the first student to get to the school every day. ▲ 如果序数词前面有形容词性物主代词，可以不加the，如： It was his fifth bowl of rice for lunch.
It’s my first time to travel around the world, so I’m getting very excited.
D. 有时还可以作副词用，如：I finished the homework first in my class today.
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2022-03-26
