【#文档大全网# 导语】以下是®文档大全网的小编为您整理的《财务管理 英文版重点》，欢迎阅读！
财务管理
Financial management
The time value of money is the value of money figuring in a given amount of interest earned over a given amount of time. For example, 100 dollars of today's money invested for one year and earning 5 percent interest will be worth 105 dollars after one year.
Present value The current worth of a future sum of money or stream of cash flows given a specified rate of return. Future cash flows are discounted at the discount rate, and the higher the discount rate, the lower the present value of the future cash flows. Determining the appropriate discount rate is the key to properly valuing future cash flows
Future value is the value of an asset or cash at a specified date in the future that is equivalent in value to a specified sum today.
Present value of an annuity An annuity is a series of equal payments or receipts that occur at evenly spaced intervals. Leases and rental payments are examples.
Future value of an annuity (FVA) is the future value of a stream of payments (annuity)
Channels to raise funds：
Common stock is a form of corporate equity ownership, a type of security. It is called "common" to distinguish it from preferred stock. In the event of bankruptcy, common stock investors receive their funds after preferred stock holders. Bond is a debt security, in which the authorized issuer owes the holders a debt and, depending on the terms of the bond, is obliged to pay interest to use.
Capital budgeting(资本预算) is the planning process used to determine whether an organisation's long term investments such as new machinery, replacement machinery, new plants, and new products are worth pursuing. It is budget for major investment, expenditures. Evaluating indicator
1. Return on Investment (ROI): is the ratio of profit gained on an investment relative to the amount of money invested. ROI is usually expressed as a percentage.
2. Net Present Value (NPV): is defined as the sum of the present values (PVs) of the individual cash flows. The NPV is simply the PV of future cash flows minus the purchase price
Working capital is a financial metric(财务指标) which represents operating liquidity available to a business, organization, or other entity, including governmental entity.
Management of working capital: management will use a combination of policies and techniques for the management of working capital. These policies aim at managing the current assets (generally cash and cash equivalents, inventories) and the short term financing,
1. Cash management：Identify the cash balance which allows for the business to meet day to day expenses, but reduces cash holding costs.
2. Inventory management： Identify the level of inventory which allows for uninterrupted production but reduces the investment in raw materials - and minimizes reordering costs - and hence increases cash flow. Besides this, the lead times in production should be lowered to reduce Work in Progress (WIP) and similarly, the Finished Goods should be kept on as low level as possible to avoid over production
3. Short term financing： Identify the appropriate source of financing, given the cash conversion cycle: the inventory is ideally financed by credit granted by the supplier; however, it may be necessary to utilize a bank loan, or to "convert debtors to cash" through "factoring"(代理经营).
A current asset is an asset on the balance sheet which can either be converted to cash or used to pay current liabilities
within 12 months. Typical current assets include cash, accounts receivable(应收账款), inventory.
Financing is to raise funds. One method is debt financing, which includes bank loans and bond sales. Another method is equity financing - the sale of stock by a company to investors. Possession of stock gives the investor ownership in the company in proportion to the number of shares the investor owns. In return for the stock, the company receives cash, which it may use to expand its business or to reduce its debt. balance sheet 资产负债表
本文来源：https://www.wddqxz.cn/3dbd350190c69ec3d5bb7500.html
2022-04-16
