转基因生物英语

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转基因生物英语

Transgenic Organism English or genetically modified organism (GMO) is a hot topic in modern science, agriculture and medicine that has sparked a lot of debate worldwide. A transgenic organism is an organism whose genetic makeup has been altered to include DNA from another species, through genetic engineering techniques. This technology holds promise for a wide range of applications including improved crop yields, new medicines and vaccines, and more effective treatments for genetic diseases. In this article, I will

explain the steps involved in producing a transgenic organism and the potential benefits and risks associated with the technology. Step 1: Identifying the Target Trait and Source Organism The first step in creating transgenic organisms is to identify the trait that needs to be improved or added to the organism. This may involve identifying the gene responsible for the trait and determining its function. Next, a source organism containing the desired gene is also identified. For instance, if a plant needs to be made more resistant to pests or herbicides, the target trait is resistance, and the source organism could be a bacteria or another plant that already has that resistance gene. Step 2: Isolating and Cloning the Target Gene Once the target gene has been identified and verified, it is then isolated and cloned. This is done by creating a copy of the gene using recombinant DNA technology. The cloned gene is then inserted into a vector or a carrier DNA molecule,


usually a plasmid, which can carry the gene into the host organism's genome. Step 3: Introducing the Gene into Host Organism The next step is to introduce the cloned gene into the host organism. This is done by using a method called

transformation, where the vector with the cloned gene is inserted into the host organism's cells. The most commonly used method of transformation is via a gene gun, where tiny gold particles coated with the vector are shot into the host organism's cells. Step 4: Selecting Transgenic Organisms After introducing the cloned gene into the host organism, not all of the host's cells may have successfully

incorporated the new gene. To select for transgenic organisms with the desired trait, a selectable marker, typically an antibiotic resistance gene, is introduced alongside the target gene. The host organism is then grown in an environment containing the antibiotic, and only the genetically modified organisms that have the antibiotic resistance gene can survive. Benefits of Transgenic Organisms The technology for creating transgenic organisms has several potential benefits in various fields, including: 1. Improved crop yields and nutrition: Genetically

modified crops can be engineered to resist pests and diseases, tolerate harsh environmental conditions such as drought, and increase the yield and quality of crops. 2. Medical applications: Transgenic organisms have been used to produce new medicines, including insulin, vaccines, and growth factors. 3. Environmental benefits: Genetic engineering may help

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