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英语七大时态
一、现在
1、现在进行时
概念：表示现在正在进行或发生的动作 -----------------|-------------> 结构：主语+be+V-ing + 其他 现在 标志词：look, listen, now ,at the moment
句型转换：在be动词后加not变为否定句，把be动词提前变为一般疑问句。 特殊疑问句视具体情况而定。
举例：Listen!They are singing .----- They are not singing . / Are they singing ?
They are singing . ----- What are they doing ? /// They are singing . ----- Who are singing ? 2、一般现在时
概念：表示经常性或习惯性的动作，客观事实或客观规律。 ------|-----------|-----------|--------> 结构：主语 + 动词原形或三单 + 其他 过去 现在 将来 标志词：常与usually,always,often,sometimes,evry day,on Sundays等时间状语连用. 句型转换：
①含有在be动词的句子，在be动词后加not变为否定句，把be动词提前变为一般疑问句。 ②含有行为动词的变为否定句借助于助动词don’t /doesn’t ,
变为一般疑问句借助于助动词do ,does .
③特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词（5个w1个h+一般疑问句）
举例：They live in Beijing . -- They don’t live in Beijing .—Do they live in Beijing ?
Li hua works in Wuhan .--Li hua doesn’t work in Wuhan . -- Does Li hua work in Wuhan ? Where does Lihua work ? Who works in Wuhan ?
3、现在完成时
概念：从过去一直延续到现在的动作。 ----------|------------|----> 结构：主语+have/has + P.P.（动词的过去分词） 那时 现在
标志词：already, just , yet , ever, never，for + 时间段，since + 时间起点，how long,
so far , lately , up to now
句型转换：否定句把have/has提前，一般疑问句在have/has后加not。 举例：He has known me for 3 years . / They have lived here since 2000 . 三个现在时态的区别：
现在进行时—此时此刻；一般现在时—过去，现在，将来；现在完成时—从过去延续到现在 二、过去
4、一般过去式
概念：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 -----------------|----------|------> 结构： 过去 现在 一：be动词在一般过去时中的变化
⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。 I was a student in Jiangxi. ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。 They were at the butcher’s. 二：主语+行为动词ed+其他 He telephoned me yesterday. 三：主语+ 不规则动词过去式+其他 Last week,I went to Lodon. 注意：一 二 三 不能同时并存
He was played basketball yesterday . (×) He played basketball yesterday . (√)
标志词：常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday，two days ago…last year…）last week,
an hour ago（一小时前），in 1982（在1982年）。
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句型转换：1.含有was/were的，否定句在was/were后加not，一般疑问句把was /were提前。 2.含有行为动词的句子变为否定句和一般疑问句借助于助动词did /didn’t. 举例：肯定句：He played basketball yesterday .
否定句：He didn’t play basketball yesterday . 一般疑问句：Did he play basketball yesterday ?
5、过去进行时 -------------------|--------------|---------------> 过去 现在
概念：表示两个动作同时发生在过去或者表示过去具体某时正在发生的动作。 结构：主语+was / were + V-ing+其他
标志词：while (当…….时,接延续性动词) ，when , this morning, the whole morning, all day
yesterday, from nine to ten last evening
句型转换：否定句在was/were后加not，一般疑问句把was /were提前。 举例：While Tom was taking a bath , I knocked at the door . When he came in , we were doing our homework .
6、过去完成时
概念：表示过去的两个动作发生在一前一后，也叫过去的过去。
结构：主语+had +过去分词 ----|-------------- -|---------|---->
那时以前 那时 现在 标志词：常与before, after, by+过去时间，when+过去时从句，but。 同义句转换：
Before they arrived , we had had our dinner .== After we had had dinner , they arrived . 举例：I ran to the platform,but the train had left.
注意：这三个时态均与现在无关，所以动词必须用其相应的过去结构。 三、将来
7、一般将来时 ------|---------|-----------> 现在 将来
概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 结构：主语+be going to + 动词原形 I am going to paint it.
主语+will+ 动词原形 表意愿 Will you help me?
主语+shall+ 动词原形 （只用于第一人称I/we）Shall we go shopping?
标志词：常与tomorrow, next +day/week/month/year，soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）， in+将来时间 等表将来的时间状语连用。
句型转换：否定句在be,will, shall后加not，一般疑问句把be动词，will ,shall提前 不规则动词的过去式及过去分词
buy – bought – bought send – sent – sent come – came – come find – found – found sweep—swept – swept give—gave – given get—got – got tell—told—told swim – swam –swum have – had --- had cut – cut – cut take – took – taken hear—heard – heard put --- put – put eat – ate – eaten leave – left --- left read – read – read go – went – gone lose—lost—lost set – set – set rise – rose – risen meet—met—met shut – shut –shut see—saw – seen make – made --- made do – did – done speak – spoke – spoken
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2023-03-31
