微机原理及微机原理实验--aps

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Theory and application of microcomputer

1. This course is mainly about the internal structure of a microcomputer and some

important concepts about microcomputers. There are many kinds of microcomputers, and we mainly learned MCS-51 single-chip computer.

Fundamental characteristic: highly integrated, simple structure, high reliability, strong function to control,cheap flexible usage. 2. Structure and working principles

a. Makeup: CPU, timer circuit, Read Only Memory, Random Access Memory, Timer and

Counter, Shunt connect Input/output, 串行口, interrupt control system.

b. Internal structure and functions: operator运算器 (Arithmetic logic unit 算术逻辑单元,

Accumulator 累加器, register 寄存器, Program Status Word), controller控制器(Program Counter, DPTR) assemble langusge (汇编语言)

3. Internal structure and functions: operator运算器 (Arithmetic logic unit 算术逻辑单元,

Accumulator 累加器, register 寄存器, Program Status Word), controller控制器(Program Counter, DPTR)

4.

5. （1）、A MCS-51 single-chip computer mainly consists of central processing unit, Random-access memory, Read- only memory, Input/Output interface, Timer, and

Interrupt system

6. A central processing unit (CPU): is an electronic circuit that can execute computer programs.

7. A Random-access memory (RAM): is a form of computer data storage. It’s usually used to store data, it can both read and write. But when the machine is power off, data in a RAM will disappear.

8. A Read-only memory (ROM): is the other kind of computer data storage. It’s always

used to store programs. Data stored in ROM usually cannot be modified. 9. Input/Output interface: is a integrated circuit by which the computer can exchange

information with the external devices. 10. Timer or counter :is a specialized type of clock. .it can be used to control the sequence

of an event or process.

11. Interrupt system: A interrupt refers to that the processor stop execution of the original

program and begin execution of an interrupt handler after which the processor will return to executive the original program.

12. （2）、The processor of a MCS-51 single-chip computer usually has forty pins. For

example(引脚图62)：8051 is a type of CPU of MSC-51. This figure shows its pins. And this form is called a dual in-line package (DIP). (标出两根电源线 20 21)

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Theory and application of microcomputer

13. P0,P1,P2 and P3 are input and output interface. They all have the function of transmitting input data and output data of a processor.

14. RESET pin: can initialize the state of the processor. And 8051(eight zero five one) has

two form of reset: power-on reset and manual reset.

实验：

the name of my design is “Furnace Temperature control system based on 51 single chip microcomputer”. The objective of this system maintains a steady furnace temperature. The characteristic of this system is that it used a single chip microcomputer as a controller to control the temperature of a furnace. This block diagram shows the system.(画图)

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