如何正确的使用Who or Whom

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如何正确的使用Who or Whom

The difference between Who or Whom is another area in grammar that causes confusion.

In order to be grammatically correct: who should be used when referring to the subject of a sentence, whom should be used when referring to the object, and also after a preposition.

Here is a simple guide to help you choose:

Problems seem to arise with these terms, but they are actually the same as the pairingsI/me, he/him, she/her,we/us, and they/them, but they cause many more grammar mistakes.

Who performs the action and is the equivalent of 'I'. To help you to work out which you should use, if you can substitute with 'he' or 'she' then it is who. Examples of when to use who:

 

Who ate all the cake? (He did. You wouldn't say him ate all the cake)

There is the teacher who marked our exams (She did. You wouldn't say her marked the exams)

Who is writing the speech? (Who is the subject of the sentence)

Whom is the object of the sentence and has the action performed on/ to them and is the equivalent of 'me'. If you can answer with 'him' or 'her' then you usewhom.

Examples of when to use whom:

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 

Whom did you see cycle to work? (I saw him. You wouldn't say 'I saw he') She saw the interviewees last week, at least one of whom is hired now. (She hired him/her. You wouldn't say 'she hired he/she')

Whom do you think we should vote for? (Whom is the object of vote)

Examples of using whom, when following prepositions, to, with, by, on, in, near, against, etc:

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  

To whom do you wish to award first prize? (Following the preposition 'to') With whom are you planning the training package with? Against whom did the Romans fight?

The above breakdown will help you work out which to use in your writing in order to be grammatically correct or in formal writing.

More so now, the term whom is becoming less common in English and many native speakers think it sounds old fashioned or doesn't roll off the tongue easily. This is particularly true in the US. In general, the following examples below sound very natural, especially in speech. Examples:

   

That is the person who I got the information from. Who did you come to watch the film with? I don't know who he gave the lift to.

Do you have any idea who he sold his furniture to?

But if you do want to differentiate between who and whom and apply the correct term in your writing, this guide provides the information to help you decide which to use.