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形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
一、比较级的定义：大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更……”，
用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更……”，比较级前面一般用much, even, a little修饰，2． 表达“A大于B”用“比较级+than”的结构。 公式: A+be动词+形容词比较级+than+B…
A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B…
Eg I am taller than you.我比你高。He runs faster than I. 他跑得比我快。
①他没我高。He is ______ ________ _________ (tall) as me. 其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。
二、比较级的构成：
（1）规则变化：
①单音节和部分双音节的形容词一般在词尾加-er Eg: calm---calmer tall---taller smart---smarter ②以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加-r Eg: nice---nicer fine---finer large---larger
③以“辅音+y 结尾的词，变y为 i，再加-er”Eg: early---earlier happy---happier busy---busier ④以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，再加-er Eg: big---bigger thin---thinner hot---hotter
⑤多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more Eg: popular---more popular important---more important （2）不规则变化：
少数形容词的比较级变化是不规则的： 原级 比较级 最高级 good/ well better best many/ much more most bad / badly（坏地） worse worst little less
least old Older（年龄）/ elder(辈份) oldest/ eldest far
farther距离/ further（深奥的）
farthest/ furthest
elder/eldest 是指兄弟姐妹之间较大的，和最大的。
further /furthest 是指抽象意义上的较深远的，和最远的。
三、比较级的用法:
(一)当两个人或事物（A和B）进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的原级或者比较级 1． 表达“A和B一样”，用as…as的结构。
公式: A+be动词+as+形容词原级+as…+B A+实义动词+as+副词原级+as…+B Eg I am as tall as you.我和你一样高。 He runs as fast as I. 他跑得和我一样快。 ①他和我一样高。 He is as ________ (tall) as I/me. ②英语比语文重要。English is as _______________ (important) as Chinese. ③他的头发和我的头发一样长。His hair is ________ ________ _______ mine. ④他学习和你一样努力。He works _______ hard ______ you. 2．表达“A不如B”用not as/so…as的结构。
公式: A+be动词的否定形式+as+形容词原级+as…+B A+助词的否定形式+动词+as+形容词原级+as…+B Eg I am not as (so)tall as you.我没有你高。 He doesn’t run as (so)fast as I. 他没有我跑得快。
②今天没有昨天暖和。Today is ______ _______ _______(warm) _______ yesterday. =Yesterday ______ ________ than today.
③他昨天来得没有我早。He _________ come ________ early as I (did) yesterday. (二)关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法 1．比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语，意思是“更…”，“…得…”。常见词有much, a little, even, a lot, a great deal等。
Eg He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。I jump a little higher than he.我跳得比他高一点点。 想一想，这些词能修饰形容词或副词的原级吗？
2.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”，“小多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。
Eg I am two years older than he.我比他大两岁This building is 20 meters higher than that one. 3．“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。
It is getting warmer and warmer．天气越来越暖和。He is running faster and faster．他跑得越来越快。 0ur country is becoming more and more beautiful．我们祖国越来越美了。 4．“The+ 比较级…，the+ 比较级…”表示“越……，就越……”， The more，the better.多多益善。
The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心，犯错就越少。 5．“the more…of the two…”表示“两个当中较。。。的一个” The taller of the two boys is my brother.
四、当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的最高级
1．表达“…是…中最…的”,用“the+形容词（副词）的最高级”的结构。后面可以加上表示范围的介词短语(in,of /among)或从句。
公式：主语+be动词+the +形容词最高级+（名词）+表示范围的介词短语或从句
主语+实义动词+（the） +形容词最高级+表示范围的介词短语或从句
Eg He is the tallest (student) in our class. He jumps the highest of the three boys. （of 后的名词或代词表示与主语属同一类；in 表示时间或空间范围）。 ①在我们班上他最高。 He is __________ ( tall) _____ our class.
②玛丽是这三个学生中最小的。Mary is __________ (young) ______ the three students. 2．表示“最…的…中一个”，用“one of +the +最高级+复数名词”的结构来表达。 Eg He is one of the best students in our class.他是我们班最好的学生之一。
This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.这是花园里最漂亮的花之。
注意：(一) 形容词的最高级前面有定冠词the , 而副词的最高级前面定冠词the可以省略。但在形容词最高级前有物主代词时，不能要定冠词the. （二）常见的用来表示范围的介词有in, of, among
五、运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题：
(一)、按语法规则，than后面的人称代词应当用主格，但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。 Eg He is more careful than I (me). (二)、只有同类的事物才能比较 e.g Her bag is bigger than mine.
不能说 Her bag is bigger than I.
The weather of Kunming is much better than that of Shenyang. 不能说The weather of Kunming is much better than Shenyang.
比较级与最高级的练习。 一、写出以下各形容词的比较级和最高级： 1. nice ______________________ 2. fat ____________________3. slow _____________________
4. dry ____________________5. happy ____________________ 6. wet ____________________
7. much ____________________ 8. ill _____________________9. little _____________________
10. bad ___________________11. thin ______________________ 12. far ____________________ 13. early _____________________ 14. careful_________________ 15. exciting _____________ 16. busy _________________17._________new 18 expensive
__________________________________________ 19. big ______________ 20. easy__________________
21. heavy________________________22, boring ____________________________________
23. smart ______________________24. large ___________________________ 25. fine______________________
二、根据句意，用所括号内所级形容词的比较等级形式填空：
1．The Nile is a ______river. It is _______than any other river in the world. In fact it is __________river in
the world. (long)
2. Which is ______ (beautiful),the black coart or the blue one?
3．Who is ________(tall), Mary or Joan?
4．Which is ________(fast), a bike, a car or a bus? 5．Shanghai is one of _________(big) cities in China.
6．My brother has a very __________(good) voice.
7．Wang Fang has ________ Chinese Stamps. Judy hasn’t got as _________Chinese stamps as Wang Fang.
But she has got ______ American stamps than Wang Fang. (many)
8．This film is even _________(interesting) 9 Oh, I’m still _________ (short) than you.
10．My bike isn’t as ______ (good) as his. 11.this mooncake is ____ (cheap) of all.
12.Which is _______ (big) ,the sun,the moon or the earth?
13.Which is ______ (beautiful),the black coart or the blue one?
14. Bob is _________ ( young ) than Fred but ___________ (tall) than Fred. 15. Yingtian is not as ___________ (tall) as Yongxian. 16. Almost all the students' faces are the same but Li Deming looks _______(fat) than before . 17.Which is _________ (heavy), a hen or a chicken? 18.-- How _________ (tall) is Sally?
-- She' s 1.55 metres ________ (tall). What about Xiaoling? -- She' s only 1.40 metres ________(tall). She is much _______(short) than Sally.
She is also the _______ (short) girl in the class.
19. He is ______ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _______ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _________ (bad) at English.
20. Annie says Sally is the ________ (kind) person in the world. 21.He is one of the_______ __(friendly) people in the class, I think.
22. A dictionary is much (expensive) than a story-book. 23. The ________ (much), the ____________ (good).
24. Nowadays(现在) English is ________ ( important ) than any other subject. 25. Most of the students think a lion is much _____ ___(dangerous) than a bear and it is the _______ ___ (dangerous) animal in the world.
26. Mr. Smith is _________ man in this office. (rich)27. Winter is _________ season of the years. (cold)
28.This radio is not so ________ as that one. (cheap)29. It is much _______ today than yesterday. (hot) 30. She is a little ____ ____ than her classmates. (careful) 31. ________ people came to the meeting than last time. (many)
32. Which book is ________, this one or that one? (easy)33. My room is _______ than yours. (small) 34. Hainan is _______ from Beijing than Hunan. (far) 35. Skating is ____ ___ than swimming. (exciting) 36. Jim is ____ ___ than all the others. (honest) 37. Things are getting _______ and _______. (bad)38. The higher you climb, the _______ it will be. (cold) 39. Now his life is becoming ________ and _____ __. (difficult) 40. There are _______ boys than girls in our class. (few)
41. The Changjiang River is the _______ (long) river in China.
42. Sue is a little _________ __ (beautiful) than her sister.
43.My room is not as _________ (big) as my brother' s.
44.--How difficult is physics? --I' m not sure.
-- Is it ________ (difficult) than maths? -- I don' t think so.
45.-- Annie plays the piano very ___________ (well).
-- Sue plays it _____ (well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the _______(well).
46. Saturday is my _________ (busy) day in a week.
47. Her mother is getting ____________(fat) and ________ (fat).
48. I think it' s too expensive. I' d like a _____________ (cheap) one.
49. He comes to school much ____________ (early) than I.
50.This book is not as _____________ (interesting) as that one.
51. Your classroom is __________(wide) and ___________(bright) than ours.
52. Practise as __________ (much) as you can.
53. An orange ia a little ______ (big) than an apple, but much ________ (small) than a watermelon.
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2023-01-31
