【#文档大全网# 导语】以下是®文档大全网的小编为您整理的《非谓语动词》,欢迎阅读!
三.非谓语动词
(1)形式:非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词,形容词或副词作用的,而不是作谓语的动词形式。动词的非谓语形式分为现在分词-ing(表示主动或正在进行),过去分词-ed(表示被动或已经完成),动词不定式-to do(表示目的或未发生)。 (
2)用不定式和分词都可以的动词,有感官动词如:see, hear, notice, observe, feel等,使役动词如:have, make等。区别在于:接不定式表示动作的完整过程;接doing 表示动作的正在进行。
I saw him work in the garden yesterday. (强调"我看见了他干活"这整个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(强调"我见他正在干活"这个动作)
(3) 初中常考的后接-ing的动词:mind介意, stand忍受, enjoy享受, finish完成, avoid避免, practise练习, give up放弃,be busy忙于. 后接-to do的动词:would like/ love, want, wish, hope, help, ask, refuse拒绝,learn, decide决定, agree同意,plan, prepare准备.
既可接-ing又可接-to do的动词:begin, start, stop, like, hate, prefer, remember, forget, regret,mean,try,want,need.
(4)接动名词与不定式意义完全不同的有:
1) stop to do 停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事 stop doing 停止做某事
2) forget to do 忘记要去做某事 (未做) forget doing 忘记做过某事 (已做)
3) remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做) remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做)
4) try to do 努力做某事 try doing 试着做某事
5) go on to do 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来做的事 6) mean to do 打算做某事
mean doing 意味着做某事
7)regret to do 后悔没做某事(未做) regret doing 后悔做过某事(已做)
四.初中常见易混淆动词辨析
(1) say, speak, talk, tell的用法
1) say讲,及物动词,跟宾语或宾语从句He said that he would go there.
2)speak表示“讲话”,一般作为不及物动词使用:May I speak to Mr. Smith, please? speak作为及物动词,后面+表示语言的名词: speak English/ French/ Chinese 3) talk表示“谈话”,是不及物动词:
talk about sb./ sth.(谈论某人或某物)
talk to sb. (对某人谈话,一般有职位,辈分的高低之分) talk with sb. (与某人交谈,双方地位平等) 4) tell “告诉,讲述”:
tell a lie: 撒谎 tell a story: 讲故事
tell the difference between A and B:区分A 和B 的不同之处
tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事 tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事 或后跟宾语从句:She tells me that we will have an English exam next month. (2) look, see,watch和 read的用法
1) look强调“看”这个动作,是不及物动词,常与at连用
Look at the picture carefully. (思考:look for/ after/ into/ down upon/ up/ out?) 2) see 指“看见”某物,强调的是看的结果
Lily can't see the words on the blackboard. (看电影:see a film) 3) watch 指的是“观看”,后常接电视或比赛 watch TV watch a volleyball match 4)read指“看书”、“看报或杂志”、“阅读”
Don't read in the sun(在阳光下). I like reading newspapers/ magazine. (3) borrow, lend和keep的区别
1) borrow意思为“从别处借入”,常常与from连用,是非延续性动词,瞬间完成: She borrowed a book from the library.
2) lend 是“借出”之意,常常与to连用,也是非延续性动词,瞬间完成: Uncle Wang has lent his car to Mr. Li.
3) keep是“保存”的意思,动作可以延续,和一段时间连用 You can keep the book for two weeks. (4) bring, take, carry 和get的用法
1) bring “拿来”、“带来”,指“从别处带来” Bring me the book, please.
2) take “拿走”,“带走”,“从这里带走”或“拿到某处去” Mother took the little girl to the park.
3) carry “搬运、携带”,指随身携带,有背/扛/抱/提着的含义,不表明来去的方向The box is heavy. Can you carry it? 4) get是“去某处将……拿回来”
Please go to my office to get some chalk. (5) wear, put on和dress的区别
1) wear穿着”“戴着”,穿衣服/鞋、戴眼镜/帽/手套、佩戴首饰,留长头发等,强调“穿着/戴着”的状态
2) put on “穿上”“戴上”,可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等, 强调穿戴的动作 He put on his hat and went out of the room.
3) dress可以作及物动词和不及物动词, “穿着”“打扮” 作“穿着”解时,只用于穿衣服
作为及物动词用时,它的宾语是人,不是衣服。dress sb. (给某人穿衣服) Mary is dressing her child.
而wear作“穿着”用时,也是及物动词,但它的宾语是物,不是人,即wear sth.(穿着衣物)
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