动名词

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知识点总结

一、动名词的作用 1．作主语

1）直接位于句首做主语。

Swimming is a good sport in summer. 2）it 作形式主语，

It is no use telling him not to worry.

常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile，等。

注意：important，essential，necessary 之后常用不定式 3） 用于“There be”结构中。 There is no saying when he''ll come. 4）用于布告形式的省略结构中。

No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). No parking. 5） 动名词的复合结构作主语

Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较

1）动名词多用来表示泛指，不定式多用来表示特指

Smoking is not good for health. It is not good for you to smoke so much.

2）在固定结构“It is no use...”，“It is no good...”，“It is fun...”，“It is a waste of time...”等句型中，通常用动名词作真实主语：

It is no use talking about that. It is no good quarreling with him.

3)在疑问句中，通常用动名词的复合结构，而不用不定式的复合结构作主语： Does your saying that mean anything to him? *

4)在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语： There is no telling what will happen.

5)当句子中的主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，要遵循前后一致的原则，主语和表语在形式上要求统一： Seeing is believing. *To see is to believe. 2、作宾语

（1）作动词的宾语

某些及物动词后面直接接宾语时只能加动名词，不能加不定式。

advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, delay, practice, resist, suggest, escape，bear等。

Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations. （2）作介词的宾语(单个介词或最后是介词的动词短语)

depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst into, be used to, get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。 We are against killing small animals.

Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? （3）作短语动词的宾语

give up, keep on, put off, insist on等 He is often persuaded to give up smoking.




( 4 ) 其他 情况

be worth , be busy ,can’t help, can’t stand等。 The music is well worth listening to more than once. We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 3、作表语

动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。

Your task is cleaning the windows. (Cleaning the windows is your task.) What I hate most is being laughed at. (Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 4、作定语

动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如：

a walking stick ＝a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking

a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading 二、动名词的形式和主、被动

一般式 被动式 完成式 被动完成式

writing、being written、having written、having been written 其否定形式是在doing前加上not

1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作 I hate talking with such people. Being careless is not a good habit.

2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如： I don’t remember having met him before.

Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help.

3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。 （1）它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其前发生。如： I don’t like being laughed at in public.

（2）它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如： I am very pleased at your having been honored with a medal. 三、动名词与现在分词的同与不同

相同之处是：它们都是由动词变化而成的，它们都保留了动词的某些特征，它们都能带自己的宾语、状语，而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。

Speaking in the public, he will surely be very cheerful .（现在分词短语，作状语） She hates speaking in the public.（动名词短语，作宾语） 区别：

1．动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是:

①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变,例如:

My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.

②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如: The story is interesting .不可改为:Interesting is the story. 2．动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,区别在于:

动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时表性质、状态或动作等。试比较: a swimming boy和a swimming suit

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