九大成分,基本句子类型

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九大,句子,成分,类型,基本
句法

1、九大句子成分：

一、主语 (Subject)：表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。

1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2. We often speak English in class.

3. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 4. Smoking does harm to the health.

5. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 6. It is necessary to master a foreign language.

二、谓语 (Predicate)：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。

1. He practices running every morning. 2. The plane took off at ten o’clock. 3. Do you speak English？ 4. They are working in a field. 5. He has caught a bad cold.

三、表语(Predicative)：用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词之后。系动词：

1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如： He is a teacher.

2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：

He always kept silent at meeting.

3）感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. 4）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：

The river was beginning to run dry.

1. Our teacher of English is an American. 2. It sounds good.

3. The weather has turned cold. 4. Your dreams come true. 5. He became a good doctor. 四、宾语（Object）：表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 1. He is doing his homework.

2. I think（that）he is fit for his office. 宾语种类：

（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.

五、宾语补足语（Object Complement），用于补充说明宾语的动作。 1. His father named him Xiaoming. 2. They painted their boat white. 3. Let the fresh air in.

4. You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. 5. We saw her entering the room.

六、定语（Attribute）：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。 1. Guilin is a beautiful city.

2. China is a developing country; America is a developed country. 3. She is the girl who sings best in my class.

七、状语（Adverbial）：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。 1. How about meeting again at six?

2. Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. 3. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. 4. Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.

5. She put the eggs into the basket with great care.

6. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 7. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 8. She works very hard though she is old. 9. I am taller than he is.

八、同位语（Appositive）对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如： This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.

九、插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe---)等，如： To be frank, I don’t quite agree with you.

2、英语五种基本句型：

一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）

二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）

四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）

一、Ｓ │ Ｖ（不及物动词）

1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。