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Confucius
Many years ago, life in China was very hard. Most of the people were hopelessly poor. In these times, one of China’s great philosophers was born. He was Confucius.
Confucius was born in the village of Zou in the country of Lu in 551 B.C. He was entitled Kong Zi though he was born Kong Qiu styled Zhong Ni. Confucius was born in a poor family. His father, commander of a district in Lu, died three years after Confucius was born, leaving the family in poverty. But Confucius received a fine education. The boy was a good and obedient son to his mother.
He grew up to be quiet, thoughtful, and studious. He was married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters.
At begin he worked as a keeper of a market. Then he was a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked for the governor of his district. This Chinese man was a well-known leader in philosophy and he also made many wise phrases and theories about the law, life, and the government. His philosophy is about thoughts and theories that teach other people lessons about principles, or rules, about life and it also teaches you a moral. He also made many wise sayings in ancient China that helped many people learn about nature, the world, and the human behavior. He also helped the government and the emperor by teaching them lessons on how the emperor should rule his kingdom successfully. As Confucius watched the people around him, he became eager to help them. He had many students.
He taught his students to be honest and kind, and to honor their parents. He also taught them that a good man never lets himself get angry. A book called Lunyu contains many of his sayings. Then, he left his family, and for years he wandered from province to province spreading his ideas to all who would listen to him. His thoughts influence China till now.
To develop friendships with other countries and popularize the Chinese language and culture, in recent years, we have set up Confucius Institutes all over the world. This name is a proud one for Chinese people because Confucius was famous thinker, educator and philosopher in Chinese history.
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科学四年级上册复习资料
第一单元 天气
1. 人们通常从云量、降雨量、气温、风向和风速这几个方面来描述天气。 2. 天气特征主要包括云量、降水量、风和温度。通过亲自观察认识到天气每天都在发生变化。
3. 温度计、雨量器、风向标和风速仪是测量天气的工具。
4. 气象学家是研究、观察和记录关于天气信息以及应用这些信息预报天气的科学家；天气影响着我们的生活。记录每天各种天气现象的表格叫做天气日历。
5. 温度计上标出的温度往往是整十数，每两个数值之间分成５或10个相等的小格，每个小格代表１摄氏度或２摄氏度。
6. 测量时，要把温度计放置到测量环境内2－3分钟，待液柱不再升高（或降低）时再读数。读数时，视线要与温度计的液柱顶端平行。
7. 气温是指室外阴凉、通风地方的温度，每天应选择同一时间、同一地点来测量气温。室外阴凉通风地方的温度最能反映当地的气温，所以我们应该选择合适的地方来测量气温。
8. 风可以通过自然界中事物的变化来感知，可以用风向和风速来描述。风向是指风吹来的方向，可以用八个方位来描述风向。风向可以用风向标来测量，风向标的箭头指向的是风吹来的方向。风的速度是以风每秒行进多少米来计算的。风速仪是测量风速的仪器。气象学家把风速记为13个等级。在我们的天气日历中可以用简化的风速等级来划分风速。
降水量的多少可以用雨量器来测量。根据云量的多少，天气可分为晴天、多云和阴天；云在天空中是会变化的，不同的云预示着不同天气的来临。根据云高度和形状可以把云分成三类：积云、层云和卷云。
9. 天气是不断变化的，对长时间观察记录的天气信息进行分析和整理，可以帮助我们认识天气的一些特征，了解天气变化的一些规律。
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第二单元 溶解
10. 一些物质容易溶解在水中，有些物质不容易溶解在水中。
11. 不容易用的方法把溶解了的物质从水中分离出来。做过滤实验时，要注意“一贴、两低、三靠”。（一贴：滤纸紧贴漏斗内壁。两低：滤纸低
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本文来源：https://www.wddqxz.cn/2730f8e5bed126fff705cc1755270722182e59d7.html
2022-05-02
