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Grammar Part in Unit 1 Women of Achievement : 主谓一致
在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律,大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
(一)语法一致原则:语法一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1、Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
总结:由连接词and或both … and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。 【注意】:①试比较:The writer and artist has come. The writer and the artist have come.
总结:若and所连接的两个词若and后的名词没有冠词则是指同一个人或物,这
时它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。而在The writer and the artist have come这句中and后的名词有冠词. 这时and所连接的两个名词是指两人。 谓语用复数。
② Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it. 总结:由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, every , each, more than a (an)
等修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
2、Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / He as well as the other visitors agrees with what the guide said. /She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
总结:在主语+ together with/ but /as well as / like/ except/ besides/ rather than/ along
with /等结构中,后者不计入主语之中。主语如是单数,动词用单数;主语如是复数,动词用复数。
3、Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.
总结:each, either, neither, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词(如something、anything、nothing、everything),都作单数看待。 【提示】① None of them owns a car./ Neither of the boys are/is interested in
English./ Is either of the boys ready?
总结:代词none和neither, 作主语时,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数,具体
取决于说话人的意思。当说话人着眼于“每一个” 时,谓语动词用单数。either of作主语时, 谓语动词则常用单数。
② All that can be done has been done.所有能做的都已经做了。 (all指代事情)
All were present at the meeting yesterday. 所有的人都出席了这次会议。(all指代人)
总结:all指代事时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
all指代人时, 谓语动词用复数形式。
4. Plenty of water has been stored in the container. / The rest of the students are sitting
there, listening. / The rest of the water is for the vegetables. / 50% of the students in our class are girls. / There are a lot of people in the classroom. 总结:由a lot of/ lots of/ plenty of/ the rest of/ the majority of或分数词或百分数构
成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。 【注意】①A large quantity of milk has been sold. / Large quantities of milk have been
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sold.
总结:a large quantity (amount) of/ large quantities (amounts)of修饰不可数名词时,则根据quantity(amount)的单复数形式来确定谓语动词的单复数。 ② The population of China is very large.
Two-thirds of the population here are workers.
总结:Population 作主语时,谓语动词用单数,但被分数、被分数修饰时,谓
语动词则用复数。 【注意区别】: ①a number of“许多的”,作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;the
number of“…的数量”,主语是number,谓语用单数。 ②a variety of (各种各样的) 修饰名词做主语时,谓语动词用复数;the variety of (…… 的种类) 修饰名词做主语时,谓语动词。
5. More than one boy has been punished. Many a boy has seen it.
总结:词组more than one, many a+单数名词作主语时,虽然表示复数概念,但
谓语动词依然要用单数形式。 【提示】:“more +复数名词 +than one” 结构后,谓语动词一般用复数形式。例如:
More members than one are (be)against your plan. 6、He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
总结:在定语从句时,关系代词that, who, which等作主语时,其谓语动词的
数应与主句中先行词的数一致。
【提示】试比较:This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.
She was the only one of the girls who was late for the meeting.
总结:在 “one of +复数名词 +who/ that/ which”引导的定语从句中, 谓语动词用
复数; 但one之前有限定词修饰时,如: the only, the等修饰,谓语动词用单数。 7、 What we need is more time.
What we need are doctors.
总结:从句作主语: 由what引导的主语从句, 谓语动词通常用单数, 但所指的
具体内容是复数意义时, 谓语动词用复数形式。
8. Reading books is his favorite. ( 不要受books的影响)
Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. Early to bed and early to rise is a good habit. (两个不定式表示同一概念) 总结:动名词、不定式作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
9、There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.
总结:在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
(二)意义一致:根据主语判断是单数还是复数概念,谓语与主语的意义保持一致。 1. Twenty years is a short period in history.
总结:表时间、距离、重量、价格等复数名词或词组作为一个单位看待时,谓语
动词用单数形式。 2、Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor./ Her family is a big one./ Her family were at table when she got home.
总结:如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成
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员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。
注意:people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如:The police are looking for the lost child.
3. Physics is my headache.
The United States is an industrial country.
总结:以-ics结尾的学科名称,如physics, politics, maths, plastics等作主语时,谓
语动词均用单数;而书名,戏名,报纸名,国名等,形式上虽是复数形式,但其谓语动词也同样用单数。
4. Nowadays the old are being taken good care of. The new is certain to take the place of the old.
总结:the+形容词/分词作主语时,如指一类人,谓语动词用复数;如表达的是抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。
5. Every possible means has been tried, but in vain. All possible means have been tried, but in vain.
总结:means作“方法”“手段”或 “工具”解并被a,such a,this,that,every等修
饰时,谓语用单数,用a11,such,these,those修饰时谓语用复数。
6.由相同或对称两部分(“成双成对”)组成的物品,如:trousers ,shoes, glasses(眼镜),clothes, pants, jeans, shorts等表示一种组合体, 谓语常用复数,但这类名词前如果用a pair of来修饰,谓语由pair的单复数形式来决定。 例如:This pair of trousers is mine
Here are some new pairs of shoes.
(三)就近一致原则指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式,在某些结构和句型
中与最近的主语保持一致。具体有以下两种情况。
1. 由连词or, either…or, neither…nor, whether…or, not only…but(also) 等连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近的主语取得一致。例如: Not only you but also I am wrong.
2. 在倒装句中谓语动词要和后面第一个主语保持一致。例如: There’s a cow and some sheep under the tree.
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