英语翻译

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1.玉是在世界各地受到广泛欢迎的一种宝石，尤其是在东亚。在中国，玉器从旧石器时代至今已有5000多年的历史了。因为玉的坚硬、耐久性和美，人们将玉隐喻（metaphorically）为人的美德。玉因为具有耐久性、美丽的颜色以及据说的保护力量而备受珍视——玉被认为可以防止疲劳。2008年北京奥运会的奖牌采用了“金镶玉（gold inlaid with jade）”的形式，具有浓郁的中国特色。

Jade is a kind of precious stones which is widely popular in various places around the world,especially in East Aisa.In China,jade has a history of 5000 years since the Old Age.People metaphorically equate jade with human virtues because of its hardness,durability and beauty.Jade is hightly valued for its durability,its beautiful colors and its alleged protective power—it is thought to prevent fatigue.The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games medals adopted the form of “gold inlaid with jade”,with rich Chinese characteristics.

2.紫禁城（the Forbidden City）曾是中国从明朝到清朝末期的皇宫。它位于北京的中心。在过去的500年中，它被用做皇帝们及其家庭的住所，同时也是中国政府的政治中心。紫禁城建于1406年至1420年，有980个房间，占地面积72万平方米。这座皇宫是传统中国宫殿式（palatial）建筑的代表。紫禁城在1987年被宣布为世界遗产，被联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）列为世界上现存最大的古代木建筑。

The Forbidden City was the Chinese imperial palace from the Ming Dynasty to the end of Qing Dynasty. It is located in the centre of Beijing. In the past 500 years, it has served as the home of emperors and their family households, as well as the political centre of Chinese government. Built in 1406 to 1420, it consists of 980 rooms and covers 720000 square meters. The palace is a representative of traditional Chinese palatial architecture. The Forbidden City was declared a World Heritage Site in 1987,and was listed by UNESCO as the largest collection of preserved ancient wooden structures in the world.

3.秧歌（Yangge）是一种中国民间舞蹈，起源于宋代，是最具代表性的民间艺术形式之一。它在中国北方的农村和城市都受欢迎，特别受老年人的喜爱。舞者穿着红色、绿色或其他颜色的服饰，通常用一根红丝带绑在腰部。他们随着鼓、喇叭等演奏的音乐摇摆身体。他们还经常使用像腰鼓、舞扇、假驴或轿（litter）这样的道具（prop）。在不同的地区秧歌风格不同，但所有类型都传达着人们的幸福和快乐。

Yangge is a form of Chinese folk dance originating from the Song Dynasty.It is one of the most representative forms of folk arts. It is popular in both the countryside and cities in North China, especially among older people. Dancers dress up in red, green or other colorful costumes,and typically tie a red silk ribbon around the waist. They swing their bodies to the music played by drums, trumpets ,etc. They also often use props like the waistdrums, dancing fans, fake donkeys or litters.In different areas Yangge is performed in different styles, but all types express people’s happiness and joy.

4.“社会主义和谐社会”这个词通常简称为“和谐社会”，是一种社会经济愿景。它是执政的中国共产党的终极目标。具体是指：人与人之间的和谐，社会各阶层之间的和谐，个人、社会与自然之间的和谐，整个国家与外部世界的和谐。这一思想是在2005年的全国人民代表大会上被首次提出，它意味着中国的焦点已由经济增长转为整体社会的平衡与和谐。The phrase "socialist harmonious society" , often shortened to "harmonious society", is a socio-economic vision. It serves as ultimate goal for the ruling Communist Party of China. Specifically speaking,it refers to interpersonal harmony, the harmony among all levels of society, the harmony between individuals, society and nature, and the harmony between the whole country and the outside world.First proposed during the 2005 National People's Congress, the idea means China’s focus has changed from economic growth to overall societal balance and harmony.


5.舞狮是一种传统的舞蹈，表演者穿着狮子样式的衣服模仿狮子的动作。中国舞狮与功夫有着密切关系，舞者通常是当地功夫俱乐部或学校的武术（martial art）表演队成员。舞狮有时伴随着舞龙，通常在许多种很大场合表演，包括中国的传统节日、商业开业活动、生日庆典、贵宾欢迎仪式、婚礼仪式等等。

The lion dance is a form of traditional dance,in which performers imitate a lion’s costume.The Chinese lion-like dance has close relations to Kung Fu and the dancers are usually martial arts team members of the local Kung Fu clubs or schools. The lion dance,sometimes along with the dragon dance,is usually performed on many important grand occasions, including Chinese traditional festivals,business opening,events, birthday celebrations, honoured guest welcoming ceremonies, wedding ceremonies and so on.

6.在过去十年间，像《中国好声音》、《快乐男声》这类的音乐选秀节目已成为中国最为家喻户晓的电视娱乐节目。新一代人正改变对展示才华的态度，这也加剧了这种现象。由于传统价值观中的谦逊态度，中国人往往很害羞，不愿展现才华。但近几十年来，中国年轻人越来越愿意展现才华、突出个性并做到与总不同。

In the past ten years, music talent shows like The Voice of China and Happy Boys has become the most celebrated TV entertainment in China. The new generation is changing their attitudes toward showing off talents,which is also fuelling the phenomenon.Chinese tend to be shy and are reluctant to demonstrate their talents due to a traditional value of humility. But recent decades have witnessed an increasing willingness among young Chinese to show off their talents, highlight their individuality and be unique.

7.在诸如北京、上海这些大城市中，住在市郊、在市中心工作的通勤者十分普遍。他们是乘坐地铁的主要人群。最近一项研究显示，在一些地铁系统较为发达的中国城市，半数以上的人乘坐地铁通勤。随着中心区域房价和房租的飞涨，很多人都选择住在市郊。在这些城市中，商业区和写字楼较为集中。这样一来，地铁就成为最便捷、也是最经济的一种通勤方式。

Commuters,whon live in suburban areas and work in the city center,are very common in China’s metropolises,such as Beijing and Shanghai. They are the main users of subway. A recent study shows that, in some Chinese cities with a well-developed subway system, more than half of the people who commute by taking subway. As housing prices and rents in the center city increase rapidly, many people are choosing to live in suburban areas. In those cities,business areas and office buildings are relatively grouped.So the subway becomes the most convenient and economical way of commuting.

8.在过去的30年里，观看一年一度的中央电视台春节联欢晚会已经跟吃饺子、放烟花一起，成为许多中国家庭的过年习俗。据央视统计，时长近五个小时的春晚每年会吸引4至7亿的观众。近年来，随着对节目批评声音的增多，春晚人气逐渐下滑。很多批评者是年轻的一代，他们抱怨这个节目缺乏新意、毫无乐趣。尽管负面声音不断，但大多数中国人在除夕夜还是会收看央视春晚。

Along with eating dumplings and setting off fireworks,watching the annual CCTV Spring Festival Gala has been a ritual on Chinese New Year for many Chinese families over the past three decades.The nearly five-hour-long show draws 400 million to 700 million viewers every year,according to statistics from CCTV.The gala’s popularity has gradually declined in recent years, with the number of comments criticizing the show increasing.Many critics are the younger generations,complaining about the show’s lack of creativity and fun.Despite the negativity most Chinese people still watch CCTV Spring Festival Gala on Chinese New Year's Eve.

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