【#文档大全网# 导语】以下是®文档大全网的小编为您整理的《动词的“三单”-ing-和过去式变化规则》,欢迎阅读!
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動詞の第三人稱單數の單數及發音規則:
1. 一般直接在此為加-s,-s在清輔音後讀/s/,在濁輔音或元音後讀/z/, ds讀/dz/, ts讀/ts 如 help helps/s/ know knows/z/ get gets/s/ read reads/z/ 2. 以字母s, x, ch, sh或有些以o 結尾の動詞加-es,-es 讀 /iz/, 如
guess guesses fix fixes teach teaches wash washes 注意:go goes/z/ do does /z/
3. 輔音字母+y結尾の動詞,先變y為i,再加-es,-ies讀/iz/ carry carries fly flies
注意:在play---plays,say----says中,字母y前為元音字母,第三人稱單數形式直接在動詞後加-s
4. 特俗詞例外
5. be動詞の第三人稱單數分別為am, is, are, have則為has
注意:以不發音字母“e”結尾の開音節詞,如果尾音是/s/,/z/,加-s後,字母”e”發音,與所加-s一起讀作/iz/,如 close closes/iz/
動詞のing變化規則:
1. 一般情況直接加ing,如 look—looking go---going visit---visiting 2. 以不發音のe結尾の,去e再加ing,如 come---coming make---making write---writing 3. 以重讀閉音節結尾並且只有一個輔音字母の,雙寫該輔音字母,再加ing,如 run---running stop---stopping get---getting swim---swimming begin---beginning 4. 以輔音字母加y結尾の,直接加ing,如
study---studying carry---carrying fly---flying cry---crying 5. 以ie結尾の重度開音節動詞,先變ie為y,再加ing,如 die---dying tie---tying lie---lying
動詞の過去式變化規則:
1. 規則變化
(1) 一般直接在動詞後加ed,-ed在清輔音後讀/t/, 在濁輔音及元音後讀/d,/-ed在/t//d/後
讀/id/,如
call---called open---opened look---looked want---wanted /id/ need---needed /id/ (2) 以不發音の“e”結尾の,直接加-d ,如 live---lived move---moved hope---hoped
(3) 以輔音字母加y結尾の動詞,先變y為i,再加-ed,(注意:如果是元音字母加y結
尾の,還是直接加-ed,如,play---played, enjoy---enjoyed)如
study---studied cry---cried try---tried
(4) 以一個輔音字母結尾の重讀閉音節動詞,雙寫最後一個輔音字母,再加-ed,如 plan---planned fit---fitted stop---stopped 2. 不規則變化(要特俗記憶),以下是一些常見の動詞の過去式
am,is-was are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went come-came have/has-had eat-ate, take-took run-ran put-put make-made read-read write-wrote draw-drew drink-drank fly-flew ride-rode speak-spoke sweep-swept swim-swam sit-sat hear- heard sleep-slept let-let
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blow-blew hurt-hurt speak-spoke buy-bought keep-kept swim-swam eat-ate catch-caught know-knew stand-stood choose-chose lie-lay leave-left draw-drew teach –taught drink-drank make- made tell-told think-thought mean-meant
feel-felt drive-drove meet-met write –wrote find-found fly-flew forget -forgot ring -rang see -saw ride-rode
grow-grew sing-sang/sung begin-began learn-learned/learnt
可數名詞變複數の規則:
1. 規則變化:
(1) 一般情況下,在詞尾加-s, 如book---books boy---boys (2) 以-s, -x,-ch, -sh結尾の名詞,在詞尾加-es,如bus---buses watch---watches (3) 以輔音字母加y結尾の,變y為i,再加-es, 如city---cities family---families (4) 以-f或-fe結尾の分兩類,一類直接加-s,另一類大多數情況下,將-f或-fe改為
v,再加-es,如,roof---roofs belief---beliefs leaf---leaves life---lives knife---knives
2. 不規則變化
(1) 元音字母發生變化 man---men tooth---teeth goose---geese (2) 詞尾變化 child---children mouse---mice
(3) 單複數同形 sheep---sheep deer---deer fish---fish
另附清輔音與濁輔音:
清輔音: [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [∫] [ts] [t∫] [tr] [h]
濁輔音:[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [δ] [з] [dz] [dз] [dr] [r]
音節分為開音節和閉音節,
3. 開音節又分為相對開音節和絕對開音節
(1) 相對開音節:“以一個元音字母+一個輔音字母(r除外)+不發音の
e”結尾の叫相對開音節。這裏元音字母發自己本身の音。如,cake, grade, name, bike
(2) 絕對開音節:以發音の元音字母結尾の叫絕對開音節。如,he, she,
me, no,go
2.閉音節:以“輔音字母+元音字母+輔音字母”結尾の叫閉音節,如,get,
put,pen, ten, let
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