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英语常见词缀总结
1. 名词后缀
1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker, debtor 2)-acy, 表示“性质,状态,境遇” democracy, accuracy, diplomacy
3)-ance, -ence表示“性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience
4)-ancy, -ency, 表示“性质,状态,行为,过程” frequency, urgency, efficiency, 5)-bility, 表示“动作,性质,状态” possibility, flexibility, feasibility, 6)-dom, 表示“等级,领域,状态” freedom, kingdom, wisdom 7)-hood, 表示"资格,身份, 年纪,状态" childhood, manhood,
8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示“行为的过程,结果,状况” action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
9)-ism, 表示“制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为” socialism, criticism, , heroism 10)-ity, 表示“性质,状态,程度” purity, reality, ability
11)-ment, 表示“行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果” treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
12)-ness, 表示“性质,状态,程度” goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
13)-ship, 表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业” hardship, membership, friendship 14)-th, 表示“动作,性质,过程,状态” depth, wealth, truth, length, growth 15)-tude, 表示“性质,状态,程度” latitude, altitude(海拔)
16)-ure, 表示“行为,结果” exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续), 17-grapy, 表示“……学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography 18)-ic, ics, 表示“……学……法” logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics 19)-ology, 表示“……学……论”biology, zoology, technology (工艺学) 20)-nomy, 表示“……学……术” astronomy, economy, bionomy (生态学)
2. 形容词后缀
(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义 1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible
2) -ish, foolish, bookish, selfish (注意accomplish, vanish是动词) 3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive 4)-like, manlike, childlike
5) -ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly 6)-some, troublesome, handsome
7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful 8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various 9)-ent, violent
10)-most, foremost, topmost 顶端的 11)-al natural national
11)less, 表示否定,countless, stainless, wireless
3.动词后缀
1)-ize, ise, 表示“做成,变成,……化”modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize 使系统化
2)-en, 表示“使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden 3)-fy, 表示“使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify 4)-ish, 表示“使,令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish 5)-ate, 表示“成为……,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate
4. 副词后缀
(形容词)-ly:bad→badly坏地/恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地 -wise:clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);like→likewise同样地 -wards:out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地 5. 否定前缀
dis-主要加在名词、形容词,动词之前,dis-为否定前缀的词有:disadvantage缺点、dishonorable不光彩的、disagree不同意,dislike,
in-常加在形容词,名词之前,如incorrect不正确的、inability无能 无力、inaccurate不准确的等;
im-加在字母m,b,p之前,这样的词有impossible不顺能的、impolite不礼貌的
il-主要加在以1开头的单词的前边,比如:illegal非法的、illiterate文盲的 没有文化的、illogical不合逻辑的;
ir-放在以r开头的英语单词前面,比如:irregular不稳定的、irresistable不可抵抗的、irresolvable不能分解的 不能解决的;
un-主要放于名词,形容词,副词前面,常见的例子有unfinished未完成的、undoubted无疑的、unemployment失业;unfriendly
non-加在形容词、名词前,这样以non-为否定前缀的词有non-existence不存在;non-smoking 禁止吸烟的
而mis-加在动词、名词前,例词misunderstand误解、misjudge误判、misleading误导、misfortune不幸;
dis-加在动词之前,例词有disappear消失、disarm解除武装、disconnect失去联系;disagree 不同意, disappear,discover
anti-加在名词、形容词前边。最常见的是anti-Japanese抗日战争、anti-social厌恶社会的 反社--会的, anti-black
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