人教新课标小升初英语语法零基础:方位介词辨析

2022-03-22 06:23:29   文档大全网     [ 字体: ] [ 阅读: ]

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小升初英语语法零基础:方位介词辨析

1. at, in, on

at 一般指小地方;in 一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on 往往表示“在某个物体的表面”例如:

He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. 他昨天到上海。

They arrived at a small village before dark. 他们在天黑前到达一个小村庄。 There is a big hole in the wall. 墙上有个大洞。

The teacher hung a picture on the wall. 老师把一幅画挂在墙上。 2. over, above, on

over, on above 都可表示“在……上面”,但具体含义不同。Over 表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反义词是underabove 也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反义词是belowOn 指两个物体表面接触,一个在另一的上面。例如: There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。 We flew above the clouds. 我们飞越云层。

They put some flowers on the teacher's desk. 他们把一些花放在讲桌上。 3. across, through

across through 均可表示“从这一边到另一边”但用法不同。Across 的含义与 on 关,表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Through 的含义与 in 有关,表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如:

The dog ran across the grass. 狗跑过草地。 The boy swam across the river. 那男孩游过河。 They walked through the forest. 他们穿过森林。 I pushed through the crowds. 我挤过人群。 4. in front of, in the front of

in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”在某个范围以外;in the front of 表示“在……的前部”,在某个范围以内。例如:

There are some tall trees in front of the building. 大楼前有一些高大的树。 The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom. 老师坐在教室前面。 5. among, between

两者都含有“在……中间”的意思。 一般说法是:among 用于“三者或三者以上之间”

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between 则用于“两者之间”。例如:

I bought three hundred eggs and there was not a single bad one among them. 我买了三百鸡蛋,里面一个坏的也没有。

What's the difference between Asian elephants and African elephants? 亚洲象与非洲象有什么不同?

不过这个定义过于简单。Oxford上对于两者的解释是:"Among" is used of people or things considered as a group. "Between" is used of people or things, either two in number or more than two considered individually.

1) among 除了表示多于两者之间的关系外,更重要是它表达了“在其中”的意思。究竟是多少人或事并不重要,因为他们/它们已经被视为一体。例如: He stood among the crowd. 他站在人群中。 There is a thief among you. 你们中间有一个是小偷。

She divided the money among her three children. 她把钱分给了她的三个孩子。

2) Between 可用于“三者或三者以上之间”,指每个人或物与别的每个人或物分别发生联系,例如:

A treaty was signed between Great Britain, France and the United States. 英国同法国、美国分别有协定。

Ecuador lies between Columbia, Peru, and the Pacific Ocean. 厄瓜多尔位于哥伦比亚、秘鲁和太平洋之间。

3) Between 在表示“合作、协力”的意义时,其宾语不受所涉及到的个体数目的限制。例如:

The three children saved over a hundred pounds between them. 三个孩子一共赚了一百多英镑。

The three men tried to lift the box between them. 三个人一齐用力想把箱子抬起来。 Among 也有相同的用法:

They finished the work among themselves. 他们共同完成了这项工作

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