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IGCSE经济重点词汇(总3页)
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IG经济 - Employment and Unemployment
Key Terms Workforce labour force unemployment
失业
Meaning Definition 劳动力
Labour force or working population in an economy includes the number of unemployed and employed plus self-employed.
Unemployment occurs when people of working age are both willing and able to work but cannot find employment.
Unemployment rate is the number of unemployed percentage of the total workforce. (China 3.95%, America 4.1% , Oct. 2017)
Frictional unemployment is the transitional unemployment that occurs when people change jobs, due to the time delay between leaving a job and finding or starting a new one.
Seasonal unemployment is caused by regular and periodical changes in demand for certain products. For example, fruit pickers are in high demand during the summer months while retailers tend to hire more temporary workers during the Christmas season. Tourism and farming also have the same issue.
Technological unemployment occurs when workers lose their jobs due to firms opting to use capital-intensive technologies. This can cause large scale unemployment in certain industries. For example, supermarkets in Europe introduced self-service checkouts in 2009. Their huge success and cost savings for supermarkets and other retailers mean that fewer workers need to be hired.
Unemployment 失业率 rate
Frictional 摩擦的
Seasonal 季节的
technological
技术的
Youth
unemployment
青年失业 Youth unemployment affects the working population
aged 21 or below because they have relatively fewer skills and less experience, so they are the most likely to be affected during an economic downturn. (Spain 55.7% 2013) 地区的
Regional unemployment occurs when unemployment affects specific geographical areas of the country. While busy central business districts tend to have higher rates of employment, remote rural areas have
Regional
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2022-12-05
