谈谈英语词句的具体和抽象及相关翻译

2023-04-23 09:02:26   文档大全网     [ 字体: ] [ 阅读: ]

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词句,英语,抽象,谈谈,具体


谈谈英语词句的具体和抽象及相关翻译

具体思维和抽象思维是人的思维的两种形式,具体表达和抽象表达在英汉两种语言中都存在,但由于文化影响的不同,偏重也就不一样,英语偏重于抽象汉语偏向于具体表达 。在英译汉时,为了使译文通俗易懂,常常将抽象形象具体化;而有时在翻译英语中的一些形象表达的词句时反而不得不采用抽象表达法。



标签: 具体表达;抽象表达;翻译

形象说法比较生动,英汉两种语言中有许多类似的形象说法。因此,在翻译的过程中应尽量保持原来的形象说法,例如:



We know we must strike while the iron is hot.我们知道我们必须趁热打铁。

They were only shedding crocodile tears at the boys sufferings.对于孩子们受的罪,他们只是流着鳄鱼的眼泪。



Everything you say to him goes in at one ear and out at the other .你跟他说什么,他都是一只耳朵进,一只耳朵出。



有时候,两种语言的形象说法不完全一样,但可找到类似的说法,这时可借用类似的说法进行翻译,例如:



Wall have ears.隔墙有耳。

Its no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。

At most he is an empty vessel.他最多只是半瓶醋。

At that time he was head over heels in debt.那是他欠了一屁股的债。

很多情况下,英语比较笼统而概念化的说法译成汉语时可采用形象的说法,即将其具体化,使译文更生动而大为增色,例如:



Trifles 鸡毛蒜皮 odds and ends 针头线脑 all by oneself 单枪匹马

Most likely 十有八九 very anxious to return home 归心似箭

Have not cut off relations completely 藕断丝连

Full of anxiety and worry 牵肠挂肚




He was really stunned by the news.这消息让他目瞪口呆。

I should have been almost stupefied for one circumstance.要不是出现了另一种情况,我肯定成了呆若木鸡的傻瓜。



There is more to their life than political and social and economic problemsmore than transient everydayness.他们的生活远不止那些政治的、社会的和经济的问题,远不止一时的柴米油盐问题。



I ask gentlemensirwhat means this martial array if its purpose be not to force us to submission?请问诸位先生,摆出这种张牙舞爪的阵势,如果不是为了使我们屈服,还有什么目的呢?



反过来,英语中一些很形象的说法,既不能照字面翻译,在汉语中也很难找到类似的形象说法,在翻译时只好加以抽象化,用比较概念的说法,如:



Put the finger on 告发

Pull wool over someones eye蒙蔽

Give one rope to hang oneself自作自受

Wake a sleeping dog惹是生非

Have an old head on young shoulders少年老成

下面各句在翻译时都采用了抽象化的办法:

The president stood therehad in handbegging Congress for the votes.总统站在那里,毕恭毕敬地请求国会议员们投赞成票。



I hope this concession of ours will set the ball running.我希望我们的让步会打开局面。



Sometimeswalking the street at nightI have been so desperate Ive made up my mind to win the horse or loose the saddle .有时候晚上走在街上我感到十分绝望,只好橫下心来去冒险。



Youd better have two strings to your bow just in case of emergency.你最好作两手准备,以防万一。



Its very plain that the old man and I will remain at daggers to the end of our livesand that I have nothing to expect from him.很明显,我同老头子至死也是势不两立,我不会从他那儿得到什么。有时候,由于文体的需要也可将具体的说法


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