“介词+关系代词”中介词的选用

2022-12-26 05:13:15   文档大全网     [ 字体: ] [ 阅读: ]

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介词,代词,选用,关系
介词+关系代词中介词的选用

定语从句是高一英语语法的重难点,同时又是高考必考热点之一。纵观10年来各地高考题对定语从句的考查,越来越突出能力立意。定语从句中关于介词+关系代词引导定语从句时介词的选择则更是令众多考生十分头疼的一大难题。之所以难,主要在于难以选出合适的介词。而介词的选用是有一定规律的,同学们只要掌握了这些规律,解题时就可迎刃而解,举一反三了。

一、根据定语从句中的线索来选用介词 这线索可以是: 1.定语从句中的短语动词

这是主要线索,所选介词需与动词搭配。例如:

She paid the man from whom she had borrowed some money.(=She paid the manShe had borrowed some money from him)borrow sthfrom sb.意思是向某人借东西 In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.(NMET 1992)turn to sbfor help,意思是求某人帮助

在这一句式结构中,句中的介词与从句的谓语动词有一定的搭配关系。介词可用于关系代词之前,但先行词若指人,关系代词必须用whom,不能用whothat;若指物必须用which不能用that。介词也可以置于从句谓语动词之后,这时,句中关系代词用whowhomthat均可,指物可用whichthat,并均可省略。例如:

The middle-aged woman to whom I spoke just now is my English teacher[=The middle-aged womanwho/whom/that) I spoke to just now is my English teacher] 2.定语从句中的形容词短语 所选介词与形容词构成短语。例如:

China is a large country with a long history of which we are greatly proud.(be/feel proud of……为自豪)

The metals with which we are most familiar are steel and iron.我们最熟悉的金属是钢和铁。(be familiar with sth./sb.熟悉某人或某事)

It is the dictionary in which we are interested.这就是我们感兴趣的那本字典。(be interested in sth. 感兴趣)

Partly because of his influence in politicsRonald is a man with whom you will be glad to be acquainted.罗纳德是你很乐意结识的人,部分原因是由于他是个在政界有影响的人。(be acquainted with sb. 熟悉某人) 3.定语从句中的短语介词

所选介词是短语介词的组成部分。例如:

Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate ideas with each other.声音是人们交流思想的工具。


The property by virtue of which a body tends to remain in either of natural states is called inertia.使物体趋向于保持其所处的任一自然状态的性质称为惯性。 4.定语从句中的名词

所选用介词要求与名词搭配。例如:

I am sending you an inquiryto which your prompt attention is highly appreciated.兹寄去询价单一张,望尽快办理,不胜感激。

We meet with the difficulty of rebuilding the inner citiesto which top priority should be given.我们面临应该优先重建城内旧中心区的难题。 二、根据先行词来选用介词

所选用的介词与先行词构成固定搭配。例如:

He will never forget the day on which he joined the party.on the day,在那天)

Last Sunday my aunt bought me a telescope through which I could study the sky.(through a telescope,透过望远镜)

We are not conscious of the extent to which work provides the psychological satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.我们没有意识到工作能在多大程度上给人们带来心理上的满足感,而这种满足感正是区分充实生活与空虚生活之所在。 The easefor examplewith which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines.比如,在自动化生产要求机器24小时不停的运转的行业里,人们由白班倒到晚班能否很快适应的问题越来越引起重视。 三、固定的介词短语

英语中,熟悉一些固定的介词短语,即可正确选用介词。如in one's honor in whose honorin thisthatcase in which casewith one's help with whose help等等。例如: We extended our warm welcome to the visiting delegation in whose honor a grand banquet was given.我们举行盛大宴会热烈欢迎代表团的来访。

He might be in bed stillin which case we can go without him.他可能还没有起来,这样咱们就不带他去。

四、表示所属关系时用介词of

在此结构中的介词可能是表示所属意义的介词of,其中of前常惯用表示部分含义的名词、代词或数词,如onea fewseveralsomeanyeitherneithernonehalfthe largerthe smallest等,即构成名词(代词或数词)+of+关系代词结构,of的前与后是部分与整体的关系。例如:

I live in this room, the window of which faces south(=I live in this room, whose window faces south)(表示所有关系

There are over 3,000 workers in that factory, eighty-five percent of whom are

women.(=There are…, and 85 of them are women.)(表示整体中的一部分


China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan(=China has hundreds of islands and the largest of them is Taiwan)


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