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李商隐《锦瑟》意旨之我见
【摘要】《锦瑟》是李商隐的代表作,千百年来,脍炙人口,流传不绝。由于意境朦胧,颇难析解,历来众说纷纭,莫衷一是。通观全诗,细品词语,剖析内容,联诗人之艺术及生平,笔者认为,此诗应作于作者晚年,是其回顾往事,抒发遭遇坎坷,年华流逝,怀才不遇,一事无成之感慨。
【Abstract】The poetry, Jinse, is the magnum opus of Li Shangyin. It has won universal praise and been best-known for thousands of hundreds of years. As the artistic conception of that poetry is foggy, it is difficult to analyze and explain and there are various ideas all through the ages, it is unable to decide which is right. Taking a general view of the poetry, tasting the words used carefully, analyzing the content and combining the art and the poet’s all life, the writer thinks that the poetry was finished in the late years of the author, with a purpose of giving vent to his feeling about the past, the frustrated encounter, the past time, having talent but no opportunity to use it and accomplishing nothing.
【Keywords】Li Shangyin Jinse Intention My view
《锦瑟》是李商隐的代表作,千百年来,脍炙人口,流传不绝。由于意境朦胧,颇难析解,历来众说纷纭,莫衷一是。广东教育出版社出版的普通高中课程标准《语文》实验教科书注:“它的意旨向来众说纷纭,有说咏物,有说自况,有说悼亡。”《唐诗宋词鉴赏辞典》曰:“归纳起来不下十种,影响较大者起码有四:一是‘爱情说’,此说又有咏在世情人与悼念亡妻之别。二是‘自伤说’,三是‘诗序说’,四是‘咏物说’即‘咏瑟说’。”通观全诗,细品词语,剖析内容,联之艺术及生平,我认为,此诗应作于晚年,是作者回顾往事,抒发遭遇坎坷,年华流逝,怀才不遇,一事无成之感慨。理由如下:
1.从作者所处的时代及其生平看。李商隐生于一个小官僚家庭,九岁时父亲客死他乡。孤儿寡母,无依无靠。他饱尝了人生穷困的滋味,领略了人生的艰辛和世态的炎凉。他所处的时代又是政治经济日趋衰败,而教育文化却群星辉映、硕果累累的晚唐时期。成人后,他十年应举,终因无人引荐而屡屡落第,二十四岁时,得“牛党”令狐陶之助而登上进士之榜。次年他受“李党”泾原节度使王茂元的器重,成为王的东床快婿,并在岳丈麾下任书记官。从此他陷入了“牛李党争”的泥潭。他以书判拔萃被授予秘书省正子九品之职进入中央机关工作,决心要充分发挥自己的才能,为国家建功立业。然而命运之神好像故意要捉弄这位文坛巨星,在中央任职不足半年,母亲谢世,他只好离职回乡守孝三年,好不容易得来的京官化为乌有。三年间,李党失势,牛党上台,波及商隐,久不调用。恰逢好友郑亚廉察桂州,请他为观察判官,检校水部员外郎。大中初年,白敏中执政,令狐陶在内署,共排李党,郑亚受挫,贬为循州(今河源龙川县)刺史。商隐随之,在龙川任职三年。这一打击,使李商隐对朋党争斗深怀恐惧,曾表示“莫近
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