初中英语 牛津上海版六年级下册语法-时态讲解及提升练习(有答案)

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上海牛津版6B语法-时态讲解及提升练习

一般过去时

I. 一般过去时的概念

一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:last year, yesterday等; 也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作,常和often, always等频率副词连用。 例如:

①I saw him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看见他了。

①Li Mei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李梅总是步行上学。

II. 动词过去式的构成:

(1)规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则:

一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如:look-looked 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e再加-ed。如:live-lived

末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed 如:stop-stopped 末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先变yi,然后再加-ed 如:study-studied

(2)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。

如:am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, come-came, take-took, have (has)-had等。 过去进行时 I. 结构

was/were +doing (现在分词) II. 用法

1过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语this morning the whole morning all day yesterday from nine to ten last evening when while 例如:



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We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. What was he researching all day last Sunday

2. 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。如:

What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday 昨天晚上九点她在做什么?(介词短语表示时间点) When I saw him he was decorating his room.

当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。(when从句表示时间点)

3. 在复合句中,如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的,那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如:

While he was waiting for the bus he was reading a newspaper. 他边等车边看报。(两个动作都是延续的) He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.

他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)

4. 通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有:agree be believe belong care forget hate have(拥有) hear know like love mean mind notice own remember seem suppose understand want wish等。例如: 误:I was knowing the answer. 正:I knew the answer. 我知道答案。 误:I wasn't understanding him.

正:I didn't understand him. 我不明白他的意思。 一般将来时

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一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间副词tomorrow, soon或短语next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime 做状语。如:

What will you do this afternoon. 你今天下午干什么? 表示将来时间的几种常见方法

英语中除了“will /shall+动词原形表示半来时态外,还可以用“be going to+动词原形示。主要表示打算和预测:

We are not going to stay there long. 我们不准备在那里多待。(表打算) I’m afraid they’re going to lose the game. 恐怕他们会赛输。(表预测)

注:be going to 后接动词gocome时,通常直接改用其进行时态: Where is he going to go? / Where is he going? 他打算到哪里去? 现在完成时

1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。

2.时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构:have/has + done 4 .否定形式:have/has + not +done.

它主要适用于下面的几种情况: 1表示截止现在业已完成的动作

By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到现在为止,我已收集到了我所需的全部资料

She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150页。

2表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作

Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗?

3表示过去发生的动作持续到现在,并可能还要延续

It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。



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