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浅析-ed形容词和-ing形容词
英语中有一部分及物动词如interest(使感兴趣)、please(使高兴)、discourage(使泄气)等,与古汉语中的使役性动词用法相似,使宾语处于某种状态。这类动词,有相当一部分它们的分词已经形容词化了。本文就这些形容词化的分词作句子成分的各种情况归纳如下: 一、作表语。-ing形容词作表语,用来表示主语的性质,主语常常由事物充当。这时的-ing形容词含有主动的意思,本身具有一种影响力;-ed形容词作表语,用来表示主语所处的状态,主语常常是人,这时的-ed形容词含有被动的意思。它表达的某种状态的产生是由于外界事物施加影响的结果。从下面的选择可以看出他们之间的区别。 The film was quite ____and the children were ____to tears. (答案D)
A. excited; moved B. exciting; moving C. excited; moving D. exciting;moved
二、作定语。-ing形容词作定语,中心词与其成主动关系,表示中心词所具有的某种性质;-ed形容词作定语,则中心词与其成被动关系,表示中心词所处的状态。例如: 1. The excited people were listening to an exciting speech. 2. The puzzled mother of the girl met Dr. Einstein. 3. The interesting lad made us alive those days.
一般地说,-ing形容词作定语,常修饰“无生命”的事物;-ed形容词作定语常用来修饰“有生命”的事物,如上面的句1,句2。但也不尽然,如果所修饰的中心词是动作的发出者,-ing形容词也可以修饰“有生命”的事物,如句3,但-ed形容词修饰“无生命”的事物则很少见。 三、作宾语补足语。这时取哪种形式则要看其与宾语的关系来确定。如与宾语成主动关系(这时宾语一般由物来充当),用-ing形容词;如与宾语成被动关系(这时宾语一般由人来充当),用-ed形容词。例如:
1. What he said made the listeners puzzled.
2. The song and dancing made the party interesting.
四、作伴随状语。取哪种形式,要由其与主语的关系来定。如果句子主语是伴随状语表示的动作的发出者,用-ing形容词;如果主语是动作或状态的接受者,则用-ed形容词。例如: 1. The great earthquake broke out in Japan, shocking all over the pacific Ocean. 2. He stood there, dumbfounded.
练一练:用括号内所给动词的-ed形式或-ing形式填空 1. The children were ____after the trip. (tire) 2. The trip was____. (tire)
3. The ____children went to bed early after the trip. (tire) 4. The ____trip lasted a whole day. (tire) 5. The trip made the children____. (tire) 6. The bad weather made the trip____. (tire)
7. Tom’s parents are ____ at his ____ results of the exams.(disappoint) 8. ____and angry, he left the meeting-room. (disappoint) 9. It is ____that he didn’t pass the examination.(disappoint)
10. When hearing the____ news that Michael Jackson passed away, they were____to look at each other. (surprise)
11. He was ____ about his ____ son. (worry)
12. I'm not ____with his interpretation of this sentence. (satisfy) 13. He was ____with the ____person. (annoy)
14. A police car appeared on the road, the thief had a____ look on his face. (frighten) 15. The situation here is ____and we are____. (encourage)
答案: 1. tired 2. tiring 3. tired 4. tiring 5. tired 6. tiring
7. disappointed, disappointing) 8. Disappointed 9. disappointing
10. surprising; surprised 11. worried; worrying 12. satisfied
13. annoyed; annoying 14. frightened
15. encouraging; encouraged
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