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不定代词 one 用法小结
一、起名词作用,可以用来代替人,泛指"人"、"任何一个人",在句中作主语或宾语。例句:
1. One has to do one's best.每个人都要尽力而为。 2. One must know oneself.人要有自知之明。
3. Such a drug will make one find it hard to go without it.这种毒品会使人感到离了它不行。 one作主语时,其相应的物主代词可用one's或his,反身代词可用oneself或himself,重复主语时可用one或he,不能用her, herself, you或yourself替代主语one。 二、用来代替句子前面提到过的某个可数名词,避免重复。例句: 1. -Here, have an orange. -No, thanks. I've just had one. -吃一个桔子吧。
-不,谢谢,我刚刚吃过一个。
2. Here I have got two tickets for the film. I can let you have one.我这儿有两张电影票,我可以让给你一张。
one如果与形容词连用,其前面通常有a, the, this, that, next, last等限定词。例句: 1. I've lost my watch and I'll buy a new one.我把表弄丢了,我要再买一块新的。 2. Your plan is a good one on paper.你的计划写在纸上是挺好的。 三、与疑问代词which、相互代词及序数词连用。例句: 1. Which one do you want?你想要哪一个?
2. She put another one around his wrist.她把另一个绕在他的手腕上。
3. There are two old machines and ten new ones in the workshop. (不能直接用序数词修辞one)车间里有二台旧机器和十台新机器。
ones为one的复数形式,但要注意ones一般都带有一个定语。例句: -Which ones are yours? -哪些是你们的?
-The blue ones are ours. -蓝色的那些是我们的。
如果ones被一个形容词修饰时,前面可加these或those,否则只用these或those,不能说成these/those ones。例句:
1. These white ones are too small. I want those green ones.这些白色的太小,我想要那些绿色的。
2. These are too small. I want those.这些太小,我想要那些。 四、一般不与物主代词或所有格的名词连用,但如果one前面有形容词修辞语,则可以。例句:
1. His old suit looks as smart as my brother's new one.他那套旧衣服看起来和我哥哥的那套新的一样漂亮。
2. My cheap camera seems to be just as good as Jim's expensive one.我这架便宜的照相机看起来和吉姆的那架昂贵的一样好。
如果物主代词后面紧跟有own时,不可以用one或ones。例句:
I'm not used to your pen, I'd rather use my own.我不习惯用你的钢笔,我宁愿用我自己的。 五、one与it都可用来指代物,但用法不同。one用于代替名称相同的另一事物,而it用于代替名称相同的同一事物。试比较:
1. Where did you buy the book? Would you please get one for me too? 这本书你是在哪儿
买的?请你给我也买一本好吗?
(one相当于a book like yours,是同一类中的一个,属于泛指。)
2. I'd like to look at the book. May I borrow it? 我想看看那本书,你能借我用一下吗? (it相当于the book,即上文提到过的那本书,属于特指。)
六、one与that都可用来代替一个句子前面部分中的某个名词,但二者在用法上却有所区别。
1. one代表单数可数名词,通常含有不定冠词a的意思,因此one相当于a+名词。例句: (1) A desk made of steel costs much higher than one (= a desk) of wood.钢桌比木桌贵多了。 (2) He prefers a house in a small town to one (=a house) in a large city.他喜欢住在小城镇的房子里,而不喜欢住在大城市的房子里。
2. that代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,通常含有定冠词the的意思,因此,that相当于the+名词。例句:
(1) The weather today is much colder than that (=the weather) of yesterday.今天的天气要比昨天冷多了。
(2) The meat in the box isn't good. How do you like that (= the meat) on the table? 盒子里的肉不好,你觉得桌子上的肉怎么样?
因为the one前有一个定冠词the,而one前面是“零冠词”,因此the one用that引导,one可以用who或that引导。
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