财经英语文章翻译

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The Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) is a Chinese stock exchange or bourse that is based in the city of Shanghai. It is one of the three stock exchanges operating independently in the

People's Republic of China, the other two are the Shenzhen Stock Exchange and the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Unlike the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, the Shanghai Stock Exchange is still not entirely open to foreign investors due to tight capital account controls exercised by the Chinese mainland authorities.

At the end of 2007, the Shanghai Stock Exchange had 860 listed companies with a

combined market capitalization of US$3.7 trillion, making it the largest in mainland China and sixth largest in the world. The current exchange was re-established on November 26, 1990 and was in operation on December 19 of the same year. It is a non-profit organization directly administered by the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC).



上海证券交易所（上证所）是中国的一个总部设在上海的证券交易所。它是中华人民共和国三家独立操作的证券所中的一家，另外两家是深圳证券交易所和香港证券交易所。与香港证券交易所不同，由于中国大陆当局严格的资本控制，上海证券交易所还没有完全向外国投资者开放。

在2007年底，上海证券交易所已经有860家上市公司，总市值3.7万亿美元，使它成为中国大陆最大的及全球第六大的证券交易所。目前的汇率被重建于1990年11月26日，同年12月19日开始运作。它是一个由中国证券监督管理委员会（证监会）直接管理的非盈利性组织。



Zhou Xiaochuan, governor of China's central bank, has proposed to create a super-

sovereign reserve currency as part of reform in the international monetary system.

The desirable goal of the international monetary system is to "create an international reserve currency that is disconnected from individual nations and is able to remain stable in the long run, thus removing the inherent deficiencies caused by using credit-based national currencies," he said.

Zhou said the Special Drawing Right (SDR) of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has the potential to act as a super-sovereign reserve currency in a signed article posted on the website of the People's Bank of China Monday.

The SDR is an international reserve asset created by the IMF in 1969.

The ongoing financial crisis is a testimony to the inherent deficiencies of current monetary system of the world, he said.



1、中国央行行长周小川，提议创建一种超主权储备货币作为国际货币体系改革的一部分。

2、他认为，理想的国际货币体系的目标是“创造一种与个别国家脱钩并且能够在保持长期稳定的国际储备货币,从而消除了基于信用的国际货币的固有缺陷”。

3、周一，在发表于中国人民银行网站上的一篇署名文章中，周小川指出，国际货币基金组织的特别提款权具有作为超主权储备货币的潜力。

4、特别提款权是一种国际储备资产，由国际货币基金组织在1969年创立。 5、目前的金融危机证明了当前世界货币体系的固有不足，他说。




The most common forms of business enterprises in use in the United States are the sole

proprietorship, general partnership, limited liability company (LLC) and corporation. Each form has advantages and disadvantages in complexity, ease of setup, cost, liability protection, periodic reporting requirements, operating complexity and taxation.

Some business forms also have subclasses, such as the C corporation, S corporation and professional corporation. C corporation is a business which is a completely separate entity from is owners,Unlike a partnership. S corporation is a form of corporation, allowed by the IRS for most companies with 75 or fewer shareholders,which enable the company to enjoy the benefit of incorporation but be taxed as if it were a partnership. It is also called Subchapter S corporation.Professional corporation is a legal structure authorized by state law for a fairly narrow list of licensed professions, including lawyers, doctors, accountants, many types of higher-level health providers and often architects. Unlike a regular corporation, a professional corporation does not absolve a professional for personal ability for her own negligence or

malpractice. The main reason why groups of professions choose this organizational structure is that, unlike a general partnership, owners are not personally liable for the malpractice of other owners. In some states, limited liability partnerships offer this same benefit and may be more desirable for other reason.



在美国,最常见的商业企业形式是独资企业、普通合伙公司、有限责任公司和股份有限公司。每种形式在其复杂性、易用性、成本、责任保护、定期报告要求、操作复杂性和税收都有其优势和劣势。 一些商业形式也有子类,如普通公司、小型公司和专业公司。普通公司与合伙企业不同，它是一个脱离了所有者的完全独立的商业实体。小型公司是股份有限公司的一种形式，它需要经美国国税局批准并且规定大部分公司的股东人数限制在75人以下,这使公司在合营中享受更多好处，但作为合营公司也要纳税。它也被称为代理公司。专业的公司需由国家法律授权，它针对的是一些特殊的许可职业,包括律师、医生、会计师、多种高级卫生保健提供者和在职建筑师。不同于普通的公司,专业公司不会因为过失或渎职而被取消专业资格。这就是专业群体为什么会选择这种组织结构的主要原因。专业公司也不同于普通合伙公司，所有者不用为其他所有者的渎职承担个人责任。在一些州，有限责任合伙提供同样的甚至更理想的利益,这可能是专业群体选择这种组织结构的其他原因。

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