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代词
代词
一 人称代词
1 主格代词用作主语,宾格代词用作宾语;表语一般用主格,但口语中常用宾格。 如:-Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
-Why me? John is sitting there doing nothing. -Who’s knocking at the door? -It’s me.
2 在并列的主语或宾语中,”I” 和”me”常放在其他代词之后。 如:You, he and I are all in the same class.
He criticized her and me at the meeting. 3 正确使用人称代词的主格和宾格。
如:It was he who first found out the secret.(强调主语)
It’s a secret between you and me. (you 和me 都是between的宾语)
I’ll drive to the station to pick them up. (them在动词词组中应放在动词和副词之间)
二 物主代词
1 名词性物主代词常用作主语、宾语和表语。 如:My car is out of order, may I use yours?
This room isn’t ours; it’s theirs.
2 在某些英语习语中常用the代替物主代词。
如: to hit sb. in the face; to catch sb. by the arm, to touch sb. on the shoulder等。
三 反身代词
1 反身代词可用作宾语、表语、同位语,作同位语时,可以放在与之同位的代词之后,亦可放在句末。
如:I myself made the radio.=I made the radio myself. 2 某些带有反身代词的动词词组已成固定习语,
如:help oneself to (自用„„),enjoy oneself(过得愉快),be oneself(显得自然,
处于正常状态), make oneself understood(让别人明白自己), seat oneself (就座), teach oneself(自学),talk to oneself (自言自语), hide oneself(藏起来),hang oneself(自杀), dress oneself(穿衣服), devote oneself to (忠实于„„)等。
四 疑问代词
Who, whom , whose ,what 和which 用来构成特殊疑问句。What和which 都可以对事物进行提问,其区别在于“不定指” 和“定指”。
如:What sport do you like best? (你喜欢什么运动项目?——没有一定范围)
Which sport do you like best of the three? (你喜欢哪一项运动——有一定范围)
当句子有of…等表示一定范围的短语时,只能用which不能用what。 如:Which of the three is mine?
五 相互代词
1
代词
One another 与each other 为相互代词,表示相互关系。过去一般认为each other 用于两者之间,one another用于多者之间。但现在认为二者可以通用。
六 不定代词
All, each, every, both, either, neither, none, one, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no 以及由some, any, no和every构成的合成代词。 要注意以下不定代词的区别: All(三者或三者以上)和both(两者)
None (三者或三者以上)和neither(两者) Anyone(指人)和any one(人或物均可)
Another(多者中的另一个)和the other(二者中的另一个) Others(非特指的其他人或物)和the others(特指的) Little (很少,几乎没有) 和 a little (有一些)
七指示代词
This(复数these), that(复数those)
1 指离说话人较近的人或物用this,反之用that;表示现在或将来的时间或事情一般用this,表示过去的时间或事情用that。 如: What are you going to do this afternoon?
I did not go anywhere that day.
2 在事件叙述过程中,this表示下面要讲的事,that指前面刚讲过的事。 如:All I want to say is this : we must be polite to the old.
She was ill. That’s why she didn’t come.
3 that 和those 可用来代替前面提到的事物,以免重复。 如:The flowers aren’t so beautiful as those in your garden.
八 代词辨析
1 one,that, those
1) one 仅用于指代单数可数名词,其复数形式是ones。 如:If you can’t find your pen, use the one on the table.
One 和ones 通常不能直接用在their,my, his 等形容词性物主代词以及a, an ,own, several和名词所有格后面。
如:Her voice sounds sweeter than mine.(不能用 my one 代替mine) 2)that 常用以指代限定词加可数或不可数名词,指代可数名词时,其复数是those. 如:The weather in Wuhan is much warmer than that in Tianjin.(that 不能用the one
代替)
3)that 后面常接of 短语。
如:The window of your room is much bigger than that of mine.(that 不能用the one
代替)
2 not a bit 和not a little
Not a bit 相当于not ….at all, 表示“一点也不”;而not a little 相当于very,是“很„„”的意思。
如:He did not feel a bit sorry. 他一点也不觉得难过。
2
代词
He felt not a little sorry. 他觉得很难过。
3 each 和every
Each 和 every 都有“每个”的意思,但着重点不同,each着重于个别的情况,every着重于全体所有。
如:She knows each student of the class. (她认识这个班的每一个学生。)
She knows every student of the class. (她认识这个班所有的学生。) Each后跟of短语作主语时,句子的谓语动词用单数形式。 如:Each of us has an English dictionary.
而every只作形容词,只有与名词连用或构成复合词时,才能作主语或宾语。 如:Everyone has an English dictionary.(不能说 every has…或every of us has…)
4 no, no one, none
No adj. “没有”, 作定语修饰可数和不可数名词,相当于not a …, not any. 如:Time and tide wait for no man.
No one = nobody
None 作主语,代替不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数;代替可数名词时,谓语动词用单复数都可以。但在主系表句型中,如表语为复数,则系动词要用复数形式。 如:None of us are workers.
None of them has got a car now.
5 neither, either
Neither 表示“两者中的任何一个都不„„” 如:Neither story is interesting.
Neither of them knows me.
Neither…nor…表示“既不„„也不„„” 如:He has neither money nor time.
Neither I nor he believes what he said.
Either 则用于否定句或否定词组后加强语气,表示“也”,而too 或also 常用于肯定句中。
如:He is not an engineer. I am not, either.
Either…or…接不同人称的代词时,动词的数应该与最近的代词保持一致。 如:Either he or I am to blame.
6 much more, many more
在形容词和副词的比较级前,在more或less前不用very修饰,而要用much或far.
如:Smith is much /far better, I think.
I paid much/ far more than I should.
There is much /far more water in the river than usual.
Much more可以修饰不可数名词,但在复数名词前要用many more或far more. 如:There are many/far more people than I expected.
Delicia
2013-12-14
3
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