APS 专业审核 Innovation 创新理论

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Innovation management is the management of innovation processes.

Innovation is one of very important strategy management. Strategy management focuses on the ability that company can in long term lives. Because Innovation is related to the density of company, it means how long the company can live in the strong competitive society.

1. 3 different level of innovation. 1) Innovation: activate something absolute new (Bick to Car) 2) Renovation: improve some of existing parts new (power source is different) 3) Adaption: adjust itself to changed conditions (Beetle to new Beetle)

It includes meaning to development, sustainability [sə,stenə'bɪlɪti], preservation of viability or Prosperity.

2. Where comes from Innovation.

In general, recognition of problem is the source of innovation. Activator  Mistake, defect, damage, loss (Objective situation)  Shortage, or disability, shortcoming

 Wish, force, or requirement (Subjective motivation) Innovation combines chance with risk together.

3. By utilizing innovation management tools, management can trigger and deploy the creative capabilities of the work force for the continuous development of a company. Common tools 1) Brainstorming

Brainstorming is a group creativity technique. Efforts are made to find a conclusion for a specific problem by gathering a list of ideas spontaneously contributed by its member(s). The term was popularized by Alexander F. Osborn in the 1963. Osborn claimed that brainstorming was more effective than individuals working alone in generating ideas.

Osborn claimed that two principles contribute to "ideative efficacy," these being : Defer judgment Reach for quantity (Host)

Following these two principles were his four general rules of brainstorming, established with intention to : Focus on quantity: The assumption is that the greater the number of ideas generated, the greater the chance of producing a radical and effective solution.

Withhold criticism: In brainstorming, criticism of ideas generated should be put 'on hold'. Instead, participants should focus on extending or adding to ideas, reserving criticism for a later 'critical stage' of the process. By suspending judgment, participants will feel free to generate unusual ideas.

Welcome unusual ideas: To get a good and long list of ideas, unusual ideas are welcomed. These new ways of thinking may provide better solutions.

Combine and improve ideas: Good ideas may be combined to form a single better good idea, as suggested by the slogan "1+1=3". It is believed to stimulate the building of ideas by a process of association.

The process is that：

a) Formulate the problem and the question needed to be solved b) Free express own ideas with principles

c) Combine and improve ideas, in the last phase quality – best

2) Methode 635

It comes from brainstorming. The process is very similar with the brainstorming. But in this method there is no talk, just writing.

 6 members , 3 ideas , 5 mins, 108 advices The process is that：


 Formulate the problem and the question needed to be solved  Free writing own 3 different ideas on 3 different papers in 5 mins

 Past all of paper to next person, and read ideas from others and add own idea for different 3 ideas with

logic in 5 mins (5 rounds)

 Analyse , transfer unrealistic to realizable idea, combine and improve ideas, in the last phase quality –

best

3) Delphi- Methode

The Delphi method (/ˈdɛlfaɪ/ del-fy) is a structured communication technique, originally developed as a systematic, interactive forecasting method which relies on some experts.

The experts answer questionnaires in two or more rounds. After each round, a facilitator provides an anonymous summary of the experts’ forecasts from the previous round as well as the reasons they provided for their judgments. Thus, experts are encouraged to revise their earlier answers in light of the replies of other members. It is believed that during this process the range of the answers will decrease and the group will converge towards the "correct" answer. Finally, the process is stopped after a pre-defined stop criterion (e.g. number of rounds, achievement of consensus, stability of results).

Delphi is based on the principle that forecasts (or decisions) from a structured group of individuals are more accurate than those from unstructured groups. The technique can also be adapted for use in face-to-face meetings, and is then called mini-Delphi or Estimate-Talk-Estimate (ETE). Delphi has been widely used for business forecasting and has certain advantages over another structured forecasting approach, prediction markets.

4) Metaplan, Metaplan technique or simply card technique is a system for collecting ideas (or Creativity

technique) when a group of people are working together. The method was initiated by Eberhard Schnelle in Hamburg, Germany.

Apart from the simple visual technique as exampled, the method covers the performance of discussion butlers, known as moderators, as well as the structure of thinking processes within the context of group work. To become a highly experienced moderator, versed in the complexity of organizational problem solving and innovation, takes many years and interaction at the most senior levels of organizational decision making.

There are however many practitioners who operate at the lower levels to facilitate discussion using the simple starter tools as the example describes hereunder.

All people in the group write down ideas which came into their minds, one idea on one card. Then all cards are collected and fixed on a pin board affixed with a sheet of brown paper.

Only now the ideas are processed. The cards are organized according to categories and may show new results of which the single persons were not aware.

4.Type of creative person—R Westcott

1) Intuitive thinker- intuitiver Denker: high success , few information – few 2) Wild estimator- wilde schaetzer: few success, few information -- reasonable

3) Cautious problem solver– sorgfaeltige problemloeser: good sucess, many information --reasonable 4) Careful loser: few success, many information-- avoid

5. Characters and behaviors of creative person 1) Open attitude to the environment 4) Strong successful motivaton 2) Interest for the complex problem, Sensibility of 5) Sprit of risk

problem

3) Initiative, flexible flexibility, originality

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