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英语语法----同位语从句
一. 同位语从句的概念。
做同位语的句子叫同位语从句。同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面,用以解释或说明前面的名词的内容。
带同位语从句的名词有: news, answer, message, doubt, possibility, idea, reply, reason, belief, hope, thought, promise, suggestion, question, certainty等。
引导同位语从句的有:连词(that,whether),连接代词(who,which,what)和连接副词(when,where,why,how等。
二. 同位语从句的连接词。
1. 由连接词that和whether引导的同位语从句,that和whether只起连接作用,不在从句中做任何成分。注意:表达“是否”的概念时,要用whether而不用if来引导同位语从句。(注:if不能引导同位语从句。 特别注意which + n)如:
l have no idea When he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. I have no idea which one I should choose. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.
I gave the girl a big doll , exactly what she longed to have. 例1:There is no doubt ___________ prices of cars will go down. 例2:I have no idea ____________ he’ll agree with my idea. 我不知道他是否会同意我的观点。
例3:It remains a problem _____________ they can prevent the river from being polluted.
他们是否能够阻止这条河受到污染还是个问题。
2. 由连接代词who,which,what和连接副词where,when,why,how引导的同位语从句,此时的引导词在从句中作相应的成分。
例1:The question __________ should go abroad required consideration.
例2:I have no idea ____________ one I should choose. 三. 学习同位语从句应该注意的几点
1. 表达“是否”的概念时,要用whether不用if来引导同位语从句。
2.同位语从句的引导词有时与它所解释说明的名词被其他成分隔开,构成分隔式同位语从句。
例1:The story spreads widely that the queen likes to be surrounded with noble-looking gentlemen.
据说女王喜欢身边有一群样子高贵的绅士。
例2:A saying goes that practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧是一句谚语。
3. 若被同位语从句说明的是:建议(advice,suggestion,proposal),要求(demand, request, requirement),决定(decision),命令(order),劝告(recommendation)等名词时,同位语从句的谓语常用“should + do”,should常常被省略。
例1:I made the suggestion that the meeting (should) be brought to an end.
我提议闭会。
4.名词doubt(怀疑)后的同位语从句用whether引导;no doubt(不怀疑)之后的同位语从句用that引导。
例1:We have some doubt _________ they can complete the task on time.
我们怀疑他们是否能按时完成任务。
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